{ "type": "URL", "indicator": "https://gov.scot/", "general": { "sections": [ "general", "url_list", "http_scans", "screenshot" ], "indicator": "https://gov.scot/", "type": "url", "type_title": "URL", "validation": [], "base_indicator": { "id": 4142624003, "indicator": "https://gov.scot/", "type": "URL", "title": "", "description": "", "content": "", "access_type": "public", "access_reason": "" }, "pulse_info": { "count": 3, "pulses": [ { "id": "6992bae83a5988dff8311490", "name": "Distributed Credential Exhaustion & C2 Orchestration via Golang-Based StealthWorker (ELF.Agent-VW)", "description": "Researcher credit: msudosos, level blue platform----\nThis artifact represents a high-integrity StealthWorker (GoBrut) botnet agent, architected as a statically linked, stripped 32-bit ELF binary to ensure cross-platform environmental independence. The sample utilizes XOR 0x20-encoded JavaScript payloads and String.fromCharCode obfuscation to mask its internal logic and bypass heuristic-based memory scanners. [User Notes] Its operational core is a multi-threaded service bruter targeting SSH, MySQL, and CMS backends, leveraging a massive infrastructure of 1,834 domains and 797 unique IPv4 endpoints for decentralized Command & Control (C2). Network telemetry confirms the use of ICMP and HTTP-based beaconing, indicating a sophisticated retry logic designed to maintain persistence across diverse network topologies. With a malicious file score of 10, this binary serves as a primary vector for large-scale credential harvesting and the subsequent integration of Linux infrastructure into global botnet clusters.", "modified": "2026-04-13T23:46:20.071000", "created": "2026-02-16T06:36:24.788000", "tags": [ "Obfuscation: XOR-based String Encryption (0x20)", "T1110.001 (Brute Force: Password Guessing)", "Primary Hash (SHA256): cd3989830da99a69380901769fd78902efb3cd8ba", "MD5 Hash: f8add7e7161460ea2b1970cf4ca535bf", "#PotentialUS-Origin_FalseFlag_Obfuscation" ], "references": [ "Primary Hash (SHA256): cd3989830da99a69380901769fd78902efb3cd8ba5c9390e94bd4333b7fad186", "Obfuscation: XOR-based String Encryption (0x20)", "T1110.001 (Brute Force: Password Guessing)", "This ELF 32-bit LSB artifact is a sophisticated GoBrut/StealthWorker agent, compiled via Golang 1.10 and stripped to obfuscate its high-velocity service-bruting logic. VirusTotal confirms a critical threat profile with 44/65 security vendors flagging the file, which leverages a unique Go BuildID (nGYES3pajdOm...) and a Telfhash (t1f303a0...) for architectural fingerprinting. The binary orchestrates decentralized Command and Control (C2) through an expansive infrastructure of 797 unique IPs and 1,834 domains", "Pivot-Ready Indicators (IOCs) Go BuildID: nGYES3pajdOmKy1i6Ghh/KO9ydOtZpXtoKtB0KHE-/iisNoniHgTbj_cV6M-uk/XmMYzkBiZs8NXMRZYTiT Telfhash: t1f303a0b3055d54e8b7f08907c7af7624cef6e0f726d078f169e278d09a72c826626874 Imphash: 9698f46495ce9401c8bcaf9a2afe1598 Vhash: 1e53f1a1b59ecb93f821c74b25d81e9f", "Researcher msudosos posits a strategic exploitation of Root Certificate Validation Failures, where the adversary leverages an expired trust chain to bypass heuristic security filters and establish persistence.", "his technique allows the GoBrut/StealthWorker agent to circumvent automated revocation checks, enabling its decentralized C2 infrastructure to recruit Linux hosts via high-velocity credential exhaustion.", "The local environment exhibits advanced telemetry suppression within specialized skim memory regions, effectively neutralizing standard DMARC validation and Microsoft-integrated defensive protocols.", "By maintaining a hollowed root posture, the sample facilitates persistent, low-signal synchronization with external cloud infrastructure while bypassing traditional heuristic trust-chain verification.", "The domain prioritywirreles.com (registered via NAMECHEAP INC) shows a 4/93 detection ratio, confirming it is a live but \"low-noise\" C2 node used to avoid broad-spectrum blacklisting", "", "The environment leverages prioritywirreles.com as a high-fidelity DGA-derived C2 node, utilizing its historical resolution to Russian-hosted IP space (194.61.24.231) to maintain persistent Stealthworker botnet synchronization.", "By operating through WhoisGuard-protected infrastructure and exploiting XOR 0x20 obfuscation, the adversary effectively suppresses telemetry into skim space, successfully bypassing DMARC and Microsoft-integrated trust-chain validation.", "The pivot from cd398983... to this domain confirms a multi-year campaign (2019\u20132023) utilizing Namecheap-registered infrastructure to orchestrate wide-scale T1110.001 brute-force operations while bypassing standard PKI expiration checks.", "LBresearcher: msudosos notes: The campaign's use of T1110.001 (Password Guessing) is specifically tuned to exhaust credentials across SSH, MySQL, and CMS backends, effectively recruiting server infrastructure into a global \"zombie\" network.", "LBresearcher: msudosos notes: The threat actor maintains operational longevity by rotating through WhoisGuard-protected nodes like prioritywirreles.com, which historically resolved to Russian-hosted IP space (194.61.24.231) to obfuscate its origin.", "LBresearcher: msudosos notes: By exploiting Root Certificate Validation Failures, the StealthWorker (GoBrut) agent ensures that its 32-bit ELF binaries bypass the automated reputation checks enforced by major cloud providers.", "Monitor DGA Shifts: Track new domains registered through NAMECHEAP INC using the current WhoisGuard patterns to identify the next cluster before it goes active. Analyze Telfhash Clusters: Use the Telfhash (t1f303a0...) to pivot and find if the adversary has updated to 64-bit ELF or ARM architectures. Harden DMARC: Ensure your environment moves from \"p=none\" to \"p=reject\" to mitigate the internal spoofing loops exploited by this botnet's telemetry suppression.", "Persistent C2 Orchestration: This ELF:Agent-VW variant serves as a critical GoBrut node, utilizing XOR 0x20 obfuscation and ICMP/HTTP beaconing to maintain a persistent link across 1,834 domains and 797 unique IPs", "Researcher msudosos: This activity appears to facilitate a preliminary reconnaissance phase, possibly utilizing system commands to query /proc/cpuinfo and /proc/version for architectural profiling purposes.", "Researcher msudosos suggests the VirusTotal (Tencent HABO) behavior report may indicate a potential execution path from volatile storage at /tmp/EB93A6/996E.elf.", "Msudosos Regional Notes: While historical pivots show Russian-hosted nodes, the current dual-origin telemetry\u2014dominated by 181 United States-based endpoints\u2014strongly suggests a domestic-aligned adversary leveraging global 'grey space' to obfuscate its operational core. This massive US-centric footprint (exceeding all other regions combined) reinforces the theory of a false-flag orchestration designed to divert attribution toward foreign infrastructure while abusing legitimate Western-hosted trust chains.", "WHOIS data anchors administrative and technical operations for prioritywirreles.com in Los Angeles, CA (90064) via Namecheap infrastructure. Following its 2020 expiration, the domain has transitioned into redemptionPeriod/pendingDelete status, signaling the formal decommissioning of this C2 asset." ], "public": 1, "adversary": "StealthWorker/GoBrut (The adversary demonstrates advanced telemetry suppression within specialized s", "targeted_countries": [], "malware_families": [ { "id": "Malware Family: StealthWorker / GoBrut", "display_name": "Malware Family: StealthWorker / GoBrut", "target": "/malware/Malware Family: StealthWorker / GoBrut" }, { "id": "MD5 Hash: f8add7e7161460ea2b1970cf4ca535bf", "display_name": "MD5 Hash: f8add7e7161460ea2b1970cf4ca535bf", "target": null } ], "attack_ids": [ { "id": "T1001", "name": "Data Obfuscation", "display_name": "T1001 - Data Obfuscation" } ], "industries": [], "TLP": "green", "cloned_from": null, "export_count": 5, "upvotes_count": 0, "downvotes_count": 0, "votes_count": 0, "locked": false, "pulse_source": "web", "validator_count": 0, "comment_count": 0, "follower_count": 0, "vote": 0, "author": { "username": "msudosos", "id": "381696", "avatar_url": "https://otx.alienvault.com/assets/images/default-avatar.png", "is_subscribed": false, "is_following": false }, "indicator_type_counts": { "FileHash-MD5": 2166, "FileHash-SHA1": 2067, "FileHash-SHA256": 3371, "domain": 13295, "URL": 6860, "email": 272, "hostname": 4705, "SSLCertFingerprint": 268, "CVE": 107, "CIDR": 6 }, "indicator_count": 33117, "is_author": false, "is_subscribing": null, "subscriber_count": 62, "modified_text": "5 days ago ", "is_modified": true, "groups": [], "in_group": false, "threat_hunter_scannable": true, "threat_hunter_has_agents": 1, "related_indicator_type": "URL", "related_indicator_is_active": 1 }, { "id": "68fbc84609098d17c316f23c", "name": "NSO - Multiple crimes", "description": "Multiple crimes including illegal gambling, loan sharking, cybercrimes , content reputation , instructions. Starfield seen again. Team 8 has seen Starfield in more than 300 pulses. Now it\u2019s gone. Check your devices for innocent looking searches you\u2019ve never searched. Browser extensions found on 3 targeted devices with an adversary with full CnC armed with a deletion and disk wipe service. Local - Denver. \n\nAlso, very concerning is specific Airline to be attacked revealed. It cant be researched without bringing down a flight or messing up air command & control. DJT has already made travel a risky feat by being influenced to fire the (NOAA) & (DOT). Its manipulation. PP Mafia bros. \n\nDoes anyone have any power? Contact someone. We did have a mystery plane incident in Denver after I first reported. Just space junk , ya know the usual. I am serious about preventing crime. I need some help!", "modified": "2025-11-23T17:00:58.297000", "created": "2025-10-24T18:41:10.936000", "tags": [ "type indicator", "added active", "related pulses", "script urls", "united", "unknown ns", "a domains", "ip address", "meta", "asn as13335", "msie", "chrome", "ransom", "trojan", "passive dns", "backdoor", "http request", "twitter", "win32/crix.c check-in", "gmt content", "ipv4", "urls", "files", "data upload", "extraction", "domain add", "e emeseieee", "dynamicloader", "e eue", "eweienedeoewese", "windows nt", "wow64", "slcc2", "media center", "edeeefeaeuelete", "unknown", "write", "bits", "malware", "xserver", "encrypt", "unknown aaaa", "moved", "cloudfront x", "hio52 p1", "name servers", "accept encoding", "emails", "servers", "extr", "u a640", "a69f u", "fe2e fe2f", "u a720", "a7ff", "u feff", "learn", "ck id", "name tactics", "suspicious", "informative", "adversaries", "command", "defense evasion", "spawns", "found", "pattern match", "mitre att", "null", "body", "pizza", "friday", "hybrid", "general", "local", "path", "starfield", "iframe", "click", "strings", "core", "bet", "gambling", "record value", "date", "present sep", "present apr", "colombia", "present jun", "present nov", "cookie", "present oct", "entries", "next associated", "error", "attack", "government", "scotland", "news", "covid19", "subscribe", "october", "crown copyright", "nhs scotland", "parliament", "coronavirus", "redacted for", "domain status", "server", "privacy tech", "privacy admin", "email", "country", "postal code", "stateprovince", "code", "host name", "rdap database", "handle", "iana registrar", "entity roles", "links", "key identifier", "x509v3 subject", "data", "v3 serial", "number", "cus olet", "encrypt cnr12", "validity", "subject public", "key info", "medium", "write c", "search", "pe file", "high", "checks", "http", "delete", "copy", "guard", "mozilla", "next", "godaddy", "creation date", "hostname", "pulse submit", "url analysis", "domain", "files ip", "trojandropper", "mtb oct", "mtb may", "refloadapihash", "foundry", "fastly", "value a", "com laude", "ltd dba", "nomiq", "limited dba", "pulse", "location united", "asn asnone", "nameservers" ], "references": [ "giovannisnypizza.net \u2022 http://www.giovannisnypizza.net \u2022", "fazendabetb.live \u2022 bowiesports.com Check first???", "http://kittelsoncarpo.com/business-registration/online-gaming-betting-casino", "www.cricx1bet99.com \u2022 cricx1bet99.com \u2022 bulgariabet.bg \u2022", "05bet99.bet \u2022 app.05bet99.bet \u2022 betterlifeschool.kr \u2022 bbrbet.today", "coinbasecnext.com \u2022 e-coinpayments.com \u2022 e-coinpayments.com", "cashloanboat.com \u2022 mx-loans-5o.today\u2022 nodoccommercialloan", "cashloanboat.com \u2022 https://dym168.org/cashoutwithclonedcards", "http://kittelsoncarpo.com/business-registration/online-gaming-betting-casino/", "m.casinometropol225.com \u2022 casinometropol285.com \u2022 http://bonus.casinometropol285.com \u2022", "https://bonus.casinometropol285.com \u2022 www.aksescasinobet77.icu bonus.casinometropol285.com \u2022", "Interesting: app.master.legalaid-vic-gov-au.sdp4.sdp.vic.gov.au", "Bogota: anla.gov.co | ( gov.scot? Government/Legal (alphaMountain.ai))", "The Scottish Government www.gov.scot The NHS Scotland support", "http://129.2.4.2/32 Lencr", "qlw020.managed-sprint.dynalabs.io (Check)", "brave-ohttp-relay-dev.fastly-edge.com (Palantir)", "ims.foundryfabrication.co.uk \u2022 timelog.foundryfabrication.co.uk \u2022 ims.foundryfabrication.co", "151.101.195.19 In CDN range: provider=fastly \u2022 https://docs.fastly.com/en/guides/common \u2022 fastly.com", "vb.cu \u2022 vb \u2022 vb.il \u2022 vb.cu \u2022 vb.il \u2022 docs.fastly.com \u2022 docs.fastly.com", "ExternalHosts: US", "Starfield again - HoneyPot / Dod- DoW", "\u2018Starfield\u2019 Seen in a \u2018DoD\u2019 related wheelchair malfunction", "Red Team Abuse? Starfield ? DoD related (Palantir) https://] bethesda[.]net - Spyware", "https://otx.alienvault.com/pulse/68e2db3a16fcfd7d323f105b" ], "public": 1, "adversary": "NSO", "targeted_countries": [ "United States of America", "Germany", "Bulgaria", "Singapore", "Denmark", "Australia", "Jersey", "Japan", "Canada" ], "malware_families": [ { "id": "Upatre", "display_name": "Upatre", "target": null }, { "id": "Autoit", "display_name": "Autoit", "target": null }, { "id": "Ransom:Win32/Crowti", "display_name": "Ransom:Win32/Crowti", "target": "/malware/Ransom:Win32/Crowti" }, { "id": "Backdoor:Win32/Tofsee.", "display_name": "Backdoor:Win32/Tofsee.", "target": "/malware/Backdoor:Win32/Tofsee." }, { "id": "#Lowfi:SIGATTR:DownloadAndExecute", "display_name": "#Lowfi:SIGATTR:DownloadAndExecute", "target": null }, { "id": "Win.Dropper.Vbclone", "display_name": "Win.Dropper.Vbclone", "target": null }, { "id": "Win.Packer", "display_name": "Win.Packer", "target": null } ], "attack_ids": [ { "id": "T1060", "name": "Registry Run Keys / Startup Folder", "display_name": "T1060 - Registry Run Keys / Startup Folder" }, { "id": "T1027", "name": "Obfuscated Files or Information", "display_name": "T1027 - Obfuscated Files or Information" }, { "id": "T1057", "name": "Process Discovery", "display_name": "T1057 - Process Discovery" }, { "id": "T1069", "name": "Permission Groups Discovery", "display_name": "T1069 - Permission Groups Discovery" }, { "id": "T1071", "name": "Application Layer Protocol", "display_name": "T1071 - Application Layer Protocol" }, { "id": "T1083", "name": "File and Directory Discovery", "display_name": "T1083 - File and Directory Discovery" }, { "id": "T1105", "name": "Ingress Tool Transfer", "display_name": "T1105 - Ingress Tool Transfer" }, { "id": "T1480", "name": "Execution Guardrails", "display_name": "T1480 - Execution Guardrails" }, { "id": "T1539", "name": "Steal Web Session Cookie", "display_name": "T1539 - Steal Web Session Cookie" }, { "id": "T1553", "name": "Subvert Trust Controls", "display_name": "T1553 - Subvert Trust Controls" }, { "id": "T1562", "name": "Impair Defenses", "display_name": "T1562 - Impair Defenses" }, { "id": "T1568", "name": "Dynamic Resolution", "display_name": "T1568 - Dynamic Resolution" }, { "id": "T1583", "name": "Acquire Infrastructure", "display_name": "T1583 - Acquire Infrastructure" }, { "id": "T1590", "name": "Gather Victim Network Information", "display_name": "T1590 - Gather Victim Network Information" }, { "id": "T1113", "name": "Screen Capture", "display_name": "T1113 - Screen Capture" }, { "id": "T1140", "name": "Deobfuscate/Decode Files or Information", "display_name": "T1140 - Deobfuscate/Decode Files or Information" } ], "industries": [], "TLP": "green", "cloned_from": null, "export_count": 13, "upvotes_count": 0, "downvotes_count": 0, "votes_count": 0, "locked": false, "pulse_source": "web", "validator_count": 0, "comment_count": 0, "follower_count": 0, "vote": 0, "author": { "username": "Q.Vashti", "id": "337942", "avatar_url": "https://otx.alienvault.com/assets/images/default-avatar.png", "is_subscribed": false, "is_following": false }, "indicator_type_counts": { "URL": 6261, "domain": 1806, "hostname": 2427, "FileHash-MD5": 384, "FileHash-SHA1": 381, "email": 13, "FileHash-SHA256": 1418, "SSLCertFingerprint": 14 }, "indicator_count": 12704, "is_author": false, "is_subscribing": null, "subscriber_count": 141, "modified_text": "146 days ago ", "is_modified": true, "groups": [], "in_group": false, "threat_hunter_scannable": true, "threat_hunter_has_agents": 1, "related_indicator_type": "URL", "related_indicator_is_active": 1 }, { "id": "68fc18514965ccd3b55c216d", "name": "Dorv \u2022 Obfuscator - Affecting DropBox", "description": "", "modified": "2025-11-23T17:00:58.297000", "created": "2025-10-25T00:22:41.686000", "tags": [ "type indicator", "added active", "related pulses", "script urls", "united", "unknown ns", "a domains", "ip address", "meta", "asn as13335", "msie", "chrome", "ransom", "trojan", "passive dns", "backdoor", "http request", "twitter", "win32/crix.c check-in", "gmt content", "ipv4", "urls", "files", "data upload", "extraction", "domain add", "e emeseieee", "dynamicloader", "e eue", "eweienedeoewese", "windows nt", "wow64", "slcc2", "media center", "edeeefeaeuelete", "unknown", "write", "bits", "malware", "xserver", "encrypt", "unknown aaaa", "moved", "cloudfront x", "hio52 p1", "name servers", "accept encoding", "emails", "servers", "extr", "u a640", "a69f u", "fe2e fe2f", "u a720", "a7ff", "u feff", "learn", "ck id", "name tactics", "suspicious", "informative", "adversaries", "command", "defense evasion", "spawns", "found", "pattern match", "mitre att", "null", "body", "pizza", "friday", "hybrid", "general", "local", "path", "starfield", "iframe", "click", "strings", "core", "bet", "gambling", "record value", "date", "present sep", "present apr", "colombia", "present jun", "present nov", "cookie", "present oct", "entries", "next associated", "error", "attack", "government", "scotland", "news", "covid19", "subscribe", "october", "crown copyright", "nhs scotland", "parliament", "coronavirus", "redacted for", "domain status", "server", "privacy tech", "privacy admin", "email", "country", "postal code", "stateprovince", "code", "host name", "rdap database", "handle", "iana registrar", "entity roles", "links", "key identifier", "x509v3 subject", "data", "v3 serial", "number", "cus olet", "encrypt cnr12", "validity", "subject public", "key info", "medium", "write c", "search", "pe file", "high", "checks", "http", "delete", "copy", "guard", "mozilla", "next", "godaddy", "creation date", "hostname", "pulse submit", "url analysis", "domain", "files ip", "trojandropper", "mtb oct", "mtb may", "refloadapihash", "foundry", "fastly", "value a", "com laude", "ltd dba", "nomiq", "limited dba", "pulse", "location united", "asn asnone", "nameservers" ], "references": [ "giovannisnypizza.net \u2022 http://www.giovannisnypizza.net \u2022", "fazendabetb.live \u2022 bowiesports.com Check first???", "http://kittelsoncarpo.com/business-registration/online-gaming-betting-casino", "www.cricx1bet99.com \u2022 cricx1bet99.com \u2022 bulgariabet.bg \u2022", "05bet99.bet \u2022 app.05bet99.bet \u2022 betterlifeschool.kr \u2022 bbrbet.today", "coinbasecnext.com \u2022 e-coinpayments.com \u2022 e-coinpayments.com", "cashloanboat.com \u2022 mx-loans-5o.today\u2022 nodoccommercialloan", "cashloanboat.com \u2022 https://dym168.org/cashoutwithclonedcards", "http://kittelsoncarpo.com/business-registration/online-gaming-betting-casino/", "m.casinometropol225.com \u2022 casinometropol285.com \u2022 http://bonus.casinometropol285.com \u2022", "https://bonus.casinometropol285.com \u2022 www.aksescasinobet77.icu bonus.casinometropol285.com \u2022", "Interesting: app.master.legalaid-vic-gov-au.sdp4.sdp.vic.gov.au", "Bogota: anla.gov.co | ( gov.scot? Government/Legal (alphaMountain.ai))", "The Scottish Government www.gov.scot The NHS Scotland support", "http://129.2.4.2/32 Lencr", "qlw020.managed-sprint.dynalabs.io (Check)", "brave-ohttp-relay-dev.fastly-edge.com (Palantir)", "ims.foundryfabrication.co.uk \u2022 timelog.foundryfabrication.co.uk \u2022 ims.foundryfabrication.co", "151.101.195.19 In CDN range: provider=fastly \u2022 https://docs.fastly.com/en/guides/common \u2022 fastly.com", "vb.cu \u2022 vb \u2022 vb.il \u2022 vb.cu \u2022 vb.il \u2022 docs.fastly.com \u2022 docs.fastly.com", "ExternalHosts: US", "Starfield again - HoneyPot / Dod- DoW", "\u2018Starfield\u2019 Seen in a \u2018DoD\u2019 related wheelchair malfunction", "Red Team Abuse? Starfield ? DoD related (Palantir) https://] bethesda[.]net - Spyware", "https://otx.alienvault.com/pulse/68e2db3a16fcfd7d323f105b" ], "public": 1, "adversary": "NSO", "targeted_countries": [ "United States of America", "Germany", "Bulgaria", "Singapore", "Denmark", "Australia", "Jersey", "Japan", "Canada" ], "malware_families": [ { "id": "Upatre", "display_name": "Upatre", "target": null }, { "id": "Autoit", "display_name": "Autoit", "target": null }, { "id": "Ransom:Win32/Crowti", "display_name": "Ransom:Win32/Crowti", "target": "/malware/Ransom:Win32/Crowti" }, { "id": "Backdoor:Win32/Tofsee.", "display_name": "Backdoor:Win32/Tofsee.", "target": "/malware/Backdoor:Win32/Tofsee." }, { "id": "#Lowfi:SIGATTR:DownloadAndExecute", "display_name": "#Lowfi:SIGATTR:DownloadAndExecute", "target": null }, { "id": "Win.Dropper.Vbclone", "display_name": "Win.Dropper.Vbclone", "target": null }, { "id": "Win.Packer", "display_name": "Win.Packer", "target": null } ], "attack_ids": [ { "id": "T1060", "name": "Registry Run Keys / Startup Folder", "display_name": "T1060 - Registry Run Keys / Startup Folder" }, { "id": "T1027", "name": "Obfuscated Files or Information", "display_name": "T1027 - Obfuscated Files or Information" }, { "id": "T1057", "name": "Process Discovery", "display_name": "T1057 - Process Discovery" }, { "id": "T1069", "name": "Permission Groups Discovery", "display_name": "T1069 - Permission Groups Discovery" }, { "id": "T1071", "name": "Application Layer Protocol", "display_name": "T1071 - Application Layer Protocol" }, { "id": "T1083", "name": "File and Directory Discovery", "display_name": "T1083 - File and Directory Discovery" }, { "id": "T1105", "name": "Ingress Tool Transfer", "display_name": "T1105 - Ingress Tool Transfer" }, { "id": "T1480", "name": "Execution Guardrails", "display_name": "T1480 - Execution Guardrails" }, { "id": "T1539", "name": "Steal Web Session Cookie", "display_name": "T1539 - Steal Web Session Cookie" }, { "id": "T1553", "name": "Subvert Trust Controls", "display_name": "T1553 - Subvert Trust Controls" }, { "id": "T1562", "name": "Impair Defenses", "display_name": "T1562 - Impair Defenses" }, { "id": "T1568", "name": "Dynamic Resolution", "display_name": "T1568 - Dynamic Resolution" }, { "id": "T1583", "name": "Acquire Infrastructure", "display_name": "T1583 - Acquire Infrastructure" }, { "id": "T1590", "name": "Gather Victim Network Information", "display_name": "T1590 - Gather Victim Network Information" }, { "id": "T1113", "name": "Screen Capture", "display_name": "T1113 - Screen Capture" }, { "id": "T1140", "name": "Deobfuscate/Decode Files or Information", "display_name": "T1140 - Deobfuscate/Decode Files or Information" } ], "industries": [], "TLP": "green", "cloned_from": "68fbc84609098d17c316f23c", "export_count": 17, "upvotes_count": 0, "downvotes_count": 0, "votes_count": 0, "locked": false, "pulse_source": "web", "validator_count": 0, "comment_count": 0, "follower_count": 0, "vote": 0, "author": { "username": "Q.Vashti", "id": "337942", "avatar_url": "https://otx.alienvault.com/assets/images/default-avatar.png", "is_subscribed": false, "is_following": false }, "indicator_type_counts": { "URL": 6261, "domain": 1806, "hostname": 2427, "FileHash-MD5": 384, "FileHash-SHA1": 381, "email": 13, "FileHash-SHA256": 1418, "SSLCertFingerprint": 14 }, "indicator_count": 12704, "is_author": false, "is_subscribing": null, "subscriber_count": 139, "modified_text": "146 days ago ", "is_modified": true, "groups": [], "in_group": false, "threat_hunter_scannable": true, "threat_hunter_has_agents": 1, "related_indicator_type": "URL", "related_indicator_is_active": 1 } ], "references": [ "", "his technique allows the GoBrut/StealthWorker agent to circumvent automated revocation checks, enabling its decentralized C2 infrastructure to recruit Linux hosts via high-velocity credential exhaustion.", "LBresearcher: msudosos notes: By exploiting Root Certificate Validation Failures, the StealthWorker (GoBrut) agent ensures that its 32-bit ELF binaries bypass the automated reputation checks enforced by major cloud providers.", "05bet99.bet \u2022 app.05bet99.bet \u2022 betterlifeschool.kr \u2022 bbrbet.today", "T1110.001 (Brute Force: Password Guessing)", "Persistent C2 Orchestration: This ELF:Agent-VW variant serves as a critical GoBrut node, utilizing XOR 0x20 obfuscation and ICMP/HTTP beaconing to maintain a persistent link across 1,834 domains and 797 unique IPs", "By operating through WhoisGuard-protected infrastructure and exploiting XOR 0x20 obfuscation, the adversary effectively suppresses telemetry into skim space, successfully bypassing DMARC and Microsoft-integrated trust-chain validation.", "By maintaining a hollowed root posture, the sample facilitates persistent, low-signal synchronization with external cloud infrastructure while bypassing traditional heuristic trust-chain verification.", "The local environment exhibits advanced telemetry suppression within specialized skim memory regions, effectively neutralizing standard DMARC validation and Microsoft-integrated defensive protocols.", "http://kittelsoncarpo.com/business-registration/online-gaming-betting-casino/", "Msudosos Regional Notes: While historical pivots show Russian-hosted nodes, the current dual-origin telemetry\u2014dominated by 181 United States-based endpoints\u2014strongly suggests a domestic-aligned adversary leveraging global 'grey space' to obfuscate its operational core. This massive US-centric footprint (exceeding all other regions combined) reinforces the theory of a false-flag orchestration designed to divert attribution toward foreign infrastructure while abusing legitimate Western-hosted trust chains.", "coinbasecnext.com \u2022 e-coinpayments.com \u2022 e-coinpayments.com", "Interesting: app.master.legalaid-vic-gov-au.sdp4.sdp.vic.gov.au", "https://bonus.casinometropol285.com \u2022 www.aksescasinobet77.icu bonus.casinometropol285.com \u2022", "The pivot from cd398983... to this domain confirms a multi-year campaign (2019\u20132023) utilizing Namecheap-registered infrastructure to orchestrate wide-scale T1110.001 brute-force operations while bypassing standard PKI expiration checks.", "The Scottish Government www.gov.scot The NHS Scotland support", "http://129.2.4.2/32 Lencr", "151.101.195.19 In CDN range: provider=fastly \u2022 https://docs.fastly.com/en/guides/common \u2022 fastly.com", "https://otx.alienvault.com/pulse/68e2db3a16fcfd7d323f105b", "cashloanboat.com \u2022 https://dym168.org/cashoutwithclonedcards", "The domain prioritywirreles.com (registered via NAMECHEAP INC) shows a 4/93 detection ratio, confirming it is a live but \"low-noise\" C2 node used to avoid broad-spectrum blacklisting", "Obfuscation: XOR-based String Encryption (0x20)", "Starfield again - HoneyPot / Dod- DoW", "fazendabetb.live \u2022 bowiesports.com Check first???", "LBresearcher: msudosos notes: The campaign's use of T1110.001 (Password Guessing) is specifically tuned to exhaust credentials across SSH, MySQL, and CMS backends, effectively recruiting server infrastructure into a global \"zombie\" network.", "qlw020.managed-sprint.dynalabs.io (Check)", "This ELF 32-bit LSB artifact is a sophisticated GoBrut/StealthWorker agent, compiled via Golang 1.10 and stripped to obfuscate its high-velocity service-bruting logic. VirusTotal confirms a critical threat profile with 44/65 security vendors flagging the file, which leverages a unique Go BuildID (nGYES3pajdOm...) and a Telfhash (t1f303a0...) for architectural fingerprinting. The binary orchestrates decentralized Command and Control (C2) through an expansive infrastructure of 797 unique IPs and 1,834 domains", "cashloanboat.com \u2022 mx-loans-5o.today\u2022 nodoccommercialloan", "vb.cu \u2022 vb \u2022 vb.il \u2022 vb.cu \u2022 vb.il \u2022 docs.fastly.com \u2022 docs.fastly.com", "ims.foundryfabrication.co.uk \u2022 timelog.foundryfabrication.co.uk \u2022 ims.foundryfabrication.co", "Researcher msudosos posits a strategic exploitation of Root Certificate Validation Failures, where the adversary leverages an expired trust chain to bypass heuristic security filters and establish persistence.", "Red Team Abuse? Starfield ? DoD related (Palantir) https://] bethesda[.]net - Spyware", "Researcher msudosos: This activity appears to facilitate a preliminary reconnaissance phase, possibly utilizing system commands to query /proc/cpuinfo and /proc/version for architectural profiling purposes.", "Pivot-Ready Indicators (IOCs) Go BuildID: nGYES3pajdOmKy1i6Ghh/KO9ydOtZpXtoKtB0KHE-/iisNoniHgTbj_cV6M-uk/XmMYzkBiZs8NXMRZYTiT Telfhash: t1f303a0b3055d54e8b7f08907c7af7624cef6e0f726d078f169e278d09a72c826626874 Imphash: 9698f46495ce9401c8bcaf9a2afe1598 Vhash: 1e53f1a1b59ecb93f821c74b25d81e9f", "m.casinometropol225.com \u2022 casinometropol285.com \u2022 http://bonus.casinometropol285.com \u2022", "ExternalHosts: US", "http://kittelsoncarpo.com/business-registration/online-gaming-betting-casino", "giovannisnypizza.net \u2022 http://www.giovannisnypizza.net \u2022", "Primary Hash (SHA256): cd3989830da99a69380901769fd78902efb3cd8ba5c9390e94bd4333b7fad186", "WHOIS data anchors administrative and technical operations for prioritywirreles.com in Los Angeles, CA (90064) via Namecheap infrastructure. Following its 2020 expiration, the domain has transitioned into redemptionPeriod/pendingDelete status, signaling the formal decommissioning of this C2 asset.", "Monitor DGA Shifts: Track new domains registered through NAMECHEAP INC using the current WhoisGuard patterns to identify the next cluster before it goes active. Analyze Telfhash Clusters: Use the Telfhash (t1f303a0...) to pivot and find if the adversary has updated to 64-bit ELF or ARM architectures. Harden DMARC: Ensure your environment moves from \"p=none\" to \"p=reject\" to mitigate the internal spoofing loops exploited by this botnet's telemetry suppression.", "www.cricx1bet99.com \u2022 cricx1bet99.com \u2022 bulgariabet.bg \u2022", "The environment leverages prioritywirreles.com as a high-fidelity DGA-derived C2 node, utilizing its historical resolution to Russian-hosted IP space (194.61.24.231) to maintain persistent Stealthworker botnet synchronization.", "Researcher msudosos suggests the VirusTotal (Tencent HABO) behavior report may indicate a potential execution path from volatile storage at /tmp/EB93A6/996E.elf.", "Bogota: anla.gov.co | ( gov.scot? Government/Legal (alphaMountain.ai))", "brave-ohttp-relay-dev.fastly-edge.com (Palantir)", "LBresearcher: msudosos notes: The threat actor maintains operational longevity by rotating through WhoisGuard-protected nodes like prioritywirreles.com, which historically resolved to Russian-hosted IP space (194.61.24.231) to obfuscate its origin.", "\u2018Starfield\u2019 Seen in a \u2018DoD\u2019 related wheelchair malfunction" ], "related": { "alienvault": { "adversary": [], "malware_families": [], "industries": [], "unique_indicators": 0 }, "other": { "adversary": [ "StealthWorker/GoBrut (The adversary demonstrates advanced telemetry suppression within specialized s", "NSO" ], "malware_families": [ "Backdoor:win32/tofsee.", "Malware family: stealthworker / gobrut", "Win.dropper.vbclone", "Win.packer", "#lowfi:sigattr:downloadandexecute", "Md5 hash: f8add7e7161460ea2b1970cf4ca535bf", "Autoit", "Ransom:win32/crowti", "Upatre" ], "industries": [], "unique_indicators": 35534 } } }, "false_positive": [], "alexa": "http://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/gov.scot", "whois": "http://whois.domaintools.com/gov.scot", "domain": "gov.scot", "hostname": "Unavailable" }, "geo": {}, "geo_ipapicom": {}, "pulse_count": 3, "pulses": [ { "id": "6992bae83a5988dff8311490", "name": "Distributed Credential Exhaustion & C2 Orchestration via Golang-Based StealthWorker (ELF.Agent-VW)", "description": "Researcher credit: msudosos, level blue platform----\nThis artifact represents a high-integrity StealthWorker (GoBrut) botnet agent, architected as a statically linked, stripped 32-bit ELF binary to ensure cross-platform environmental independence. The sample utilizes XOR 0x20-encoded JavaScript payloads and String.fromCharCode obfuscation to mask its internal logic and bypass heuristic-based memory scanners. [User Notes] Its operational core is a multi-threaded service bruter targeting SSH, MySQL, and CMS backends, leveraging a massive infrastructure of 1,834 domains and 797 unique IPv4 endpoints for decentralized Command & Control (C2). Network telemetry confirms the use of ICMP and HTTP-based beaconing, indicating a sophisticated retry logic designed to maintain persistence across diverse network topologies. With a malicious file score of 10, this binary serves as a primary vector for large-scale credential harvesting and the subsequent integration of Linux infrastructure into global botnet clusters.", "modified": "2026-04-13T23:46:20.071000", "created": "2026-02-16T06:36:24.788000", "tags": [ "Obfuscation: XOR-based String Encryption (0x20)", "T1110.001 (Brute Force: Password Guessing)", "Primary Hash (SHA256): cd3989830da99a69380901769fd78902efb3cd8ba", "MD5 Hash: f8add7e7161460ea2b1970cf4ca535bf", "#PotentialUS-Origin_FalseFlag_Obfuscation" ], "references": [ "Primary Hash (SHA256): cd3989830da99a69380901769fd78902efb3cd8ba5c9390e94bd4333b7fad186", "Obfuscation: XOR-based String Encryption (0x20)", "T1110.001 (Brute Force: Password Guessing)", "This ELF 32-bit LSB artifact is a sophisticated GoBrut/StealthWorker agent, compiled via Golang 1.10 and stripped to obfuscate its high-velocity service-bruting logic. VirusTotal confirms a critical threat profile with 44/65 security vendors flagging the file, which leverages a unique Go BuildID (nGYES3pajdOm...) and a Telfhash (t1f303a0...) for architectural fingerprinting. The binary orchestrates decentralized Command and Control (C2) through an expansive infrastructure of 797 unique IPs and 1,834 domains", "Pivot-Ready Indicators (IOCs) Go BuildID: nGYES3pajdOmKy1i6Ghh/KO9ydOtZpXtoKtB0KHE-/iisNoniHgTbj_cV6M-uk/XmMYzkBiZs8NXMRZYTiT Telfhash: t1f303a0b3055d54e8b7f08907c7af7624cef6e0f726d078f169e278d09a72c826626874 Imphash: 9698f46495ce9401c8bcaf9a2afe1598 Vhash: 1e53f1a1b59ecb93f821c74b25d81e9f", "Researcher msudosos posits a strategic exploitation of Root Certificate Validation Failures, where the adversary leverages an expired trust chain to bypass heuristic security filters and establish persistence.", "his technique allows the GoBrut/StealthWorker agent to circumvent automated revocation checks, enabling its decentralized C2 infrastructure to recruit Linux hosts via high-velocity credential exhaustion.", "The local environment exhibits advanced telemetry suppression within specialized skim memory regions, effectively neutralizing standard DMARC validation and Microsoft-integrated defensive protocols.", "By maintaining a hollowed root posture, the sample facilitates persistent, low-signal synchronization with external cloud infrastructure while bypassing traditional heuristic trust-chain verification.", "The domain prioritywirreles.com (registered via NAMECHEAP INC) shows a 4/93 detection ratio, confirming it is a live but \"low-noise\" C2 node used to avoid broad-spectrum blacklisting", "", "The environment leverages prioritywirreles.com as a high-fidelity DGA-derived C2 node, utilizing its historical resolution to Russian-hosted IP space (194.61.24.231) to maintain persistent Stealthworker botnet synchronization.", "By operating through WhoisGuard-protected infrastructure and exploiting XOR 0x20 obfuscation, the adversary effectively suppresses telemetry into skim space, successfully bypassing DMARC and Microsoft-integrated trust-chain validation.", "The pivot from cd398983... to this domain confirms a multi-year campaign (2019\u20132023) utilizing Namecheap-registered infrastructure to orchestrate wide-scale T1110.001 brute-force operations while bypassing standard PKI expiration checks.", "LBresearcher: msudosos notes: The campaign's use of T1110.001 (Password Guessing) is specifically tuned to exhaust credentials across SSH, MySQL, and CMS backends, effectively recruiting server infrastructure into a global \"zombie\" network.", "LBresearcher: msudosos notes: The threat actor maintains operational longevity by rotating through WhoisGuard-protected nodes like prioritywirreles.com, which historically resolved to Russian-hosted IP space (194.61.24.231) to obfuscate its origin.", "LBresearcher: msudosos notes: By exploiting Root Certificate Validation Failures, the StealthWorker (GoBrut) agent ensures that its 32-bit ELF binaries bypass the automated reputation checks enforced by major cloud providers.", "Monitor DGA Shifts: Track new domains registered through NAMECHEAP INC using the current WhoisGuard patterns to identify the next cluster before it goes active. Analyze Telfhash Clusters: Use the Telfhash (t1f303a0...) to pivot and find if the adversary has updated to 64-bit ELF or ARM architectures. Harden DMARC: Ensure your environment moves from \"p=none\" to \"p=reject\" to mitigate the internal spoofing loops exploited by this botnet's telemetry suppression.", "Persistent C2 Orchestration: This ELF:Agent-VW variant serves as a critical GoBrut node, utilizing XOR 0x20 obfuscation and ICMP/HTTP beaconing to maintain a persistent link across 1,834 domains and 797 unique IPs", "Researcher msudosos: This activity appears to facilitate a preliminary reconnaissance phase, possibly utilizing system commands to query /proc/cpuinfo and /proc/version for architectural profiling purposes.", "Researcher msudosos suggests the VirusTotal (Tencent HABO) behavior report may indicate a potential execution path from volatile storage at /tmp/EB93A6/996E.elf.", "Msudosos Regional Notes: While historical pivots show Russian-hosted nodes, the current dual-origin telemetry\u2014dominated by 181 United States-based endpoints\u2014strongly suggests a domestic-aligned adversary leveraging global 'grey space' to obfuscate its operational core. This massive US-centric footprint (exceeding all other regions combined) reinforces the theory of a false-flag orchestration designed to divert attribution toward foreign infrastructure while abusing legitimate Western-hosted trust chains.", "WHOIS data anchors administrative and technical operations for prioritywirreles.com in Los Angeles, CA (90064) via Namecheap infrastructure. Following its 2020 expiration, the domain has transitioned into redemptionPeriod/pendingDelete status, signaling the formal decommissioning of this C2 asset." ], "public": 1, "adversary": "StealthWorker/GoBrut (The adversary demonstrates advanced telemetry suppression within specialized s", "targeted_countries": [], "malware_families": [ { "id": "Malware Family: StealthWorker / GoBrut", "display_name": "Malware Family: StealthWorker / GoBrut", "target": "/malware/Malware Family: StealthWorker / GoBrut" }, { "id": "MD5 Hash: f8add7e7161460ea2b1970cf4ca535bf", "display_name": "MD5 Hash: f8add7e7161460ea2b1970cf4ca535bf", "target": null } ], "attack_ids": [ { "id": "T1001", "name": "Data Obfuscation", "display_name": "T1001 - Data Obfuscation" } ], "industries": [], "TLP": "green", "cloned_from": null, "export_count": 5, "upvotes_count": 0, "downvotes_count": 0, "votes_count": 0, "locked": false, "pulse_source": "web", "validator_count": 0, "comment_count": 0, "follower_count": 0, "vote": 0, "author": { "username": "msudosos", "id": "381696", "avatar_url": "https://otx.alienvault.com/assets/images/default-avatar.png", "is_subscribed": false, "is_following": false }, "indicator_type_counts": { "FileHash-MD5": 2166, "FileHash-SHA1": 2067, "FileHash-SHA256": 3371, "domain": 13295, "URL": 6860, "email": 272, "hostname": 4705, "SSLCertFingerprint": 268, "CVE": 107, "CIDR": 6 }, "indicator_count": 33117, "is_author": false, "is_subscribing": null, "subscriber_count": 62, "modified_text": "5 days ago ", "is_modified": true, "groups": [], "in_group": false, "threat_hunter_scannable": true, "threat_hunter_has_agents": 1, "related_indicator_type": "URL", "related_indicator_is_active": 1 }, { "id": "68fbc84609098d17c316f23c", "name": "NSO - Multiple crimes", "description": "Multiple crimes including illegal gambling, loan sharking, cybercrimes , content reputation , instructions. Starfield seen again. Team 8 has seen Starfield in more than 300 pulses. Now it\u2019s gone. Check your devices for innocent looking searches you\u2019ve never searched. Browser extensions found on 3 targeted devices with an adversary with full CnC armed with a deletion and disk wipe service. Local - Denver. \n\nAlso, very concerning is specific Airline to be attacked revealed. It cant be researched without bringing down a flight or messing up air command & control. DJT has already made travel a risky feat by being influenced to fire the (NOAA) & (DOT). Its manipulation. PP Mafia bros. \n\nDoes anyone have any power? Contact someone. We did have a mystery plane incident in Denver after I first reported. Just space junk , ya know the usual. I am serious about preventing crime. I need some help!", "modified": "2025-11-23T17:00:58.297000", "created": "2025-10-24T18:41:10.936000", "tags": [ "type indicator", "added active", "related pulses", "script urls", "united", "unknown ns", "a domains", "ip address", "meta", "asn as13335", "msie", "chrome", "ransom", "trojan", "passive dns", "backdoor", "http request", "twitter", "win32/crix.c check-in", "gmt content", "ipv4", "urls", "files", "data upload", "extraction", "domain add", "e emeseieee", "dynamicloader", "e eue", "eweienedeoewese", "windows nt", "wow64", "slcc2", "media center", "edeeefeaeuelete", "unknown", "write", "bits", "malware", "xserver", "encrypt", "unknown aaaa", "moved", "cloudfront x", "hio52 p1", "name servers", "accept encoding", "emails", "servers", "extr", "u a640", "a69f u", "fe2e fe2f", "u a720", "a7ff", "u feff", "learn", "ck id", "name tactics", "suspicious", "informative", "adversaries", "command", "defense evasion", "spawns", "found", "pattern match", "mitre att", "null", "body", "pizza", "friday", "hybrid", "general", "local", "path", "starfield", "iframe", "click", "strings", "core", "bet", "gambling", "record value", "date", "present sep", "present apr", "colombia", "present jun", "present nov", "cookie", "present oct", "entries", "next associated", "error", "attack", "government", "scotland", "news", "covid19", "subscribe", "october", "crown copyright", "nhs scotland", "parliament", "coronavirus", "redacted for", "domain status", "server", "privacy tech", "privacy admin", "email", "country", "postal code", "stateprovince", "code", "host name", "rdap database", "handle", "iana registrar", "entity roles", "links", "key identifier", "x509v3 subject", "data", "v3 serial", "number", "cus olet", "encrypt cnr12", "validity", "subject public", "key info", "medium", "write c", "search", "pe file", "high", "checks", "http", "delete", "copy", "guard", "mozilla", "next", "godaddy", "creation date", "hostname", "pulse submit", "url analysis", "domain", "files ip", "trojandropper", "mtb oct", "mtb may", "refloadapihash", "foundry", "fastly", "value a", "com laude", "ltd dba", "nomiq", "limited dba", "pulse", "location united", "asn asnone", "nameservers" ], "references": [ "giovannisnypizza.net \u2022 http://www.giovannisnypizza.net \u2022", "fazendabetb.live \u2022 bowiesports.com Check first???", "http://kittelsoncarpo.com/business-registration/online-gaming-betting-casino", "www.cricx1bet99.com \u2022 cricx1bet99.com \u2022 bulgariabet.bg \u2022", "05bet99.bet \u2022 app.05bet99.bet \u2022 betterlifeschool.kr \u2022 bbrbet.today", "coinbasecnext.com \u2022 e-coinpayments.com \u2022 e-coinpayments.com", "cashloanboat.com \u2022 mx-loans-5o.today\u2022 nodoccommercialloan", "cashloanboat.com \u2022 https://dym168.org/cashoutwithclonedcards", "http://kittelsoncarpo.com/business-registration/online-gaming-betting-casino/", "m.casinometropol225.com \u2022 casinometropol285.com \u2022 http://bonus.casinometropol285.com \u2022", "https://bonus.casinometropol285.com \u2022 www.aksescasinobet77.icu bonus.casinometropol285.com \u2022", "Interesting: app.master.legalaid-vic-gov-au.sdp4.sdp.vic.gov.au", "Bogota: anla.gov.co | ( gov.scot? 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