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Defacement" }, { "id": "T1530", "name": "Data from Cloud Storage Object", "display_name": "T1530 - Data from Cloud Storage Object" }, { "id": "T1590", "name": "Gather Victim Network Information", "display_name": "T1590 - Gather Victim Network Information" } ], "industries": [], "TLP": "green", "cloned_from": "684690d6dc730b0842d341a7", "export_count": 0, "upvotes_count": 0, "downvotes_count": 0, "votes_count": 0, "locked": false, "pulse_source": "web", "validator_count": 0, "comment_count": 0, "follower_count": 0, "vote": 0, "author": { "username": "msudosos", "id": "381696", "avatar_url": "https://otx.alienvault.com/assets/images/default-avatar.png", "is_subscribed": false, "is_following": false }, "indicator_type_counts": { "FileHash-MD5": 39, "FileHash-SHA1": 48, "FileHash-SHA256": 67, "domain": 173, "hostname": 110, "URL": 429, "email": 10 }, "indicator_count": 876, "is_author": false, "is_subscribing": null, "subscriber_count": 66, "modified_text": "11 days ago ", "is_modified": false, "groups": [], "in_group": false, "threat_hunter_scannable": true, "threat_hunter_has_agents": 1, "related_indicator_type": "URL", "related_indicator_is_active": 1 }, { "id": "6992bae83a5988dff8311490", "name": "Distributed Credential Exhaustion & C2 Orchestration via Golang-Based StealthWorker (ELF.Agent-VW)", "description": "Researcher credit: msudosos, level blue platform----\nThis artifact represents a high-integrity StealthWorker (GoBrut) botnet agent, architected as a statically linked, stripped 32-bit ELF binary to ensure cross-platform environmental independence. The sample utilizes XOR 0x20-encoded JavaScript payloads and String.fromCharCode obfuscation to mask its internal logic and bypass heuristic-based memory scanners. [User Notes] Its operational core is a multi-threaded service bruter targeting SSH, MySQL, and CMS backends, leveraging a massive infrastructure of 1,834 domains and 797 unique IPv4 endpoints for decentralized Command & Control (C2). Network telemetry confirms the use of ICMP and HTTP-based beaconing, indicating a sophisticated retry logic designed to maintain persistence across diverse network topologies. With a malicious file score of 10, this binary serves as a primary vector for large-scale credential harvesting and the subsequent integration of Linux infrastructure into global botnet clusters.", "modified": "2026-04-24T13:20:48.450000", "created": "2026-02-16T06:36:24.788000", "tags": [ "Obfuscation: XOR-based String Encryption (0x20)", "T1110.001 (Brute Force: Password Guessing)", "Primary Hash (SHA256): cd3989830da99a69380901769fd78902efb3cd8ba", "MD5 Hash: f8add7e7161460ea2b1970cf4ca535bf", "#PotentialUS-Origin_FalseFlag_Obfuscation" ], "references": [ "Primary Hash (SHA256): cd3989830da99a69380901769fd78902efb3cd8ba5c9390e94bd4333b7fad186", "Obfuscation: XOR-based String Encryption (0x20)", "T1110.001 (Brute Force: Password Guessing)", "This ELF 32-bit LSB artifact is a sophisticated GoBrut/StealthWorker agent, compiled via Golang 1.10 and stripped to obfuscate its high-velocity service-bruting logic. VirusTotal confirms a critical threat profile with 44/65 security vendors flagging the file, which leverages a unique Go BuildID (nGYES3pajdOm...) and a Telfhash (t1f303a0...) for architectural fingerprinting. The binary orchestrates decentralized Command and Control (C2) through an expansive infrastructure of 797 unique IPs and 1,834 domains", "Pivot-Ready Indicators (IOCs) Go BuildID: nGYES3pajdOmKy1i6Ghh/KO9ydOtZpXtoKtB0KHE-/iisNoniHgTbj_cV6M-uk/XmMYzkBiZs8NXMRZYTiT Telfhash: t1f303a0b3055d54e8b7f08907c7af7624cef6e0f726d078f169e278d09a72c826626874 Imphash: 9698f46495ce9401c8bcaf9a2afe1598 Vhash: 1e53f1a1b59ecb93f821c74b25d81e9f", "Researcher msudosos posits a strategic exploitation of Root Certificate Validation Failures, where the adversary leverages an expired trust chain to bypass heuristic security filters and establish persistence.", "his technique allows the GoBrut/StealthWorker agent to circumvent automated revocation checks, enabling its decentralized C2 infrastructure to recruit Linux hosts via high-velocity credential exhaustion.", "The local environment exhibits advanced telemetry suppression within specialized skim memory regions, effectively neutralizing standard DMARC validation and Microsoft-integrated defensive protocols.", "By maintaining a hollowed root posture, the sample facilitates persistent, low-signal synchronization with external cloud infrastructure while bypassing traditional heuristic trust-chain verification.", "The domain prioritywirreles.com (registered via NAMECHEAP INC) shows a 4/93 detection ratio, confirming it is a live but \"low-noise\" C2 node used to avoid broad-spectrum blacklisting", "", "The environment leverages prioritywirreles.com as a high-fidelity DGA-derived C2 node, utilizing its historical resolution to Russian-hosted IP space (194.61.24.231) to maintain persistent Stealthworker botnet synchronization.", "By operating through WhoisGuard-protected infrastructure and exploiting XOR 0x20 obfuscation, the adversary effectively suppresses telemetry into skim space, successfully bypassing DMARC and Microsoft-integrated trust-chain validation.", "The pivot from cd398983... to this domain confirms a multi-year campaign (2019\u20132023) utilizing Namecheap-registered infrastructure to orchestrate wide-scale T1110.001 brute-force operations while bypassing standard PKI expiration checks.", "LBresearcher: msudosos notes: The campaign's use of T1110.001 (Password Guessing) is specifically tuned to exhaust credentials across SSH, MySQL, and CMS backends, effectively recruiting server infrastructure into a global \"zombie\" network.", "LBresearcher: msudosos notes: The threat actor maintains operational longevity by rotating through WhoisGuard-protected nodes like prioritywirreles.com, which historically resolved to Russian-hosted IP space (194.61.24.231) to obfuscate its origin.", "LBresearcher: msudosos notes: By exploiting Root Certificate Validation Failures, the StealthWorker (GoBrut) agent ensures that its 32-bit ELF binaries bypass the automated reputation checks enforced by major cloud providers.", "Monitor DGA Shifts: Track new domains registered through NAMECHEAP INC using the current WhoisGuard patterns to identify the next cluster before it goes active. Analyze Telfhash Clusters: Use the Telfhash (t1f303a0...) to pivot and find if the adversary has updated to 64-bit ELF or ARM architectures. Harden DMARC: Ensure your environment moves from \"p=none\" to \"p=reject\" to mitigate the internal spoofing loops exploited by this botnet's telemetry suppression.", "Persistent C2 Orchestration: This ELF:Agent-VW variant serves as a critical GoBrut node, utilizing XOR 0x20 obfuscation and ICMP/HTTP beaconing to maintain a persistent link across 1,834 domains and 797 unique IPs", "Researcher msudosos: This activity appears to facilitate a preliminary reconnaissance phase, possibly utilizing system commands to query /proc/cpuinfo and /proc/version for architectural profiling purposes.", "Researcher msudosos suggests the VirusTotal (Tencent HABO) behavior report may indicate a potential execution path from volatile storage at /tmp/EB93A6/996E.elf.", "Msudosos Regional Notes: While historical pivots show Russian-hosted nodes, the current dual-origin telemetry\u2014dominated by 181 United States-based endpoints\u2014strongly suggests a domestic-aligned adversary leveraging global 'grey space' to obfuscate its operational core. This massive US-centric footprint (exceeding all other regions combined) reinforces the theory of a false-flag orchestration designed to divert attribution toward foreign infrastructure while abusing legitimate Western-hosted trust chains.", "WHOIS data anchors administrative and technical operations for prioritywirreles.com in Los Angeles, CA (90064) via Namecheap infrastructure. Following its 2020 expiration, the domain has transitioned into redemptionPeriod/pendingDelete status, signaling the formal decommissioning of this C2 asset." ], "public": 1, "adversary": "StealthWorker/GoBrut (The adversary demonstrates advanced telemetry suppression within specialized s", "targeted_countries": [], "malware_families": [ { "id": "Malware Family: StealthWorker / GoBrut", "display_name": "Malware Family: StealthWorker / GoBrut", "target": "/malware/Malware Family: StealthWorker / GoBrut" }, { "id": "MD5 Hash: f8add7e7161460ea2b1970cf4ca535bf", "display_name": "MD5 Hash: f8add7e7161460ea2b1970cf4ca535bf", "target": null } ], "attack_ids": [ { "id": "T1001", "name": "Data Obfuscation", "display_name": "T1001 - Data Obfuscation" } ], "industries": [], "TLP": "green", "cloned_from": null, "export_count": 5, "upvotes_count": 0, "downvotes_count": 0, "votes_count": 0, "locked": false, "pulse_source": "web", "validator_count": 0, "comment_count": 0, "follower_count": 0, "vote": 0, "author": { "username": "msudosos", "id": "381696", "avatar_url": "https://otx.alienvault.com/assets/images/default-avatar.png", "is_subscribed": false, "is_following": false }, "indicator_type_counts": { "FileHash-MD5": 2166, "FileHash-SHA1": 2067, "FileHash-SHA256": 3371, "domain": 13295, "URL": 6860, "email": 272, "hostname": 4705, "SSLCertFingerprint": 268, "CVE": 108, "CIDR": 6 }, "indicator_count": 33118, "is_author": false, "is_subscribing": null, "subscriber_count": 82, "modified_text": "37 days ago ", "is_modified": true, "groups": [], "in_group": false, "threat_hunter_scannable": true, "threat_hunter_has_agents": 1, "related_indicator_type": "URL", "related_indicator_is_active": 1 }, { "id": "6709ad372568d7810af2e480", "name": "https://rcmp[.]ca/en/alberta // rcmp[.]ca // rcmp-grc[.]gc[.]ca - 12.06.25", "description": "Alberta RCMP\nhttps://rcmp[.]ca/en/alberta // rcmp[.]ca // rcmp-grc[.]gc[.]ca", "modified": "2026-01-05T22:04:46.025000", "created": "2024-10-11T22:56:55.968000", "tags": [ "entity", "RCMP", "Alberta", "EPS", "Edmonton Police Services", "RCMP AB", "CrimeStoppers AB" ], "references": [ "https://www.virustotal.com/graph/embed/g69422d071856425cb7ef01a90232cae9aef9af2362ad45db8fc83caabe618606?theme=dark", "https://www.virustotal.com/gui/collection/22cbfd4f1a868301f4f66c5914ab66d63695118f829e90ede0c8450876d4dd13/iocs", "https://urlquery.net/report/54993e5a-9b3f-4eef-a219-6ed529b4ea66", "https://www.filescan.io/uploads/6775f8d1108e6fdea94ba637/reports/ba88f2c2-96e9-4106-9b93-4f7fa7f1519a/overview", "https://malpedia.caad.fkie.fraunhofer.de/details/win.tofsee", "https://www.virustotal.com/gui/collection/malpedia_win_tofsee/summary", "https://viz.greynoise.io/analysis/ade7d4f8-0bf7-4582-9a91-f7b26c0bb9f7", "", "https://rcmp[.]ca/en/alberta", "https://www.virustotal.com/gui/collection/22cbfd4f1a868301f4f66c5914ab66d63695118f829e90ede0c8450876d4dd13", "https://www.hybrid-analysis.com/sample/32fee8f77b43f62e89c2156fd15a6fa350beff81429a6bc7984c0e54fe608f2a/67e0baae85aff10b880edd20", "https://www.hybrid-analysis.com/sample/32fee8f77b43f62e89c2156fd15a6fa350beff81429a6bc7984c0e54fe608f2a" ], "public": 1, "adversary": "", "targeted_countries": [ "Canada" ], "malware_families": [], "attack_ids": [], "industries": [ "", "Government", "Telecommunications", "Education", "Technology", "Healthcare" ], "TLP": "white", "cloned_from": null, "export_count": 21, "upvotes_count": 0, "downvotes_count": 0, "votes_count": 0, "locked": false, "pulse_source": "web", "validator_count": 0, "comment_count": 4, "follower_count": 0, "vote": 0, "author": { "username": "Disable_Duck", "id": "244325", "avatar_url": "/otxapi/users/avatar_image/media/avatars/user_244325/resized/80/avatar_3b9c358f36.png", "is_subscribed": false, "is_following": false }, "indicator_type_counts": { "FileHash-MD5": 764, "FileHash-SHA1": 760, "FileHash-SHA256": 4062, "domain": 378, "hostname": 1808, "URL": 886, "SSLCertFingerprint": 18, "email": 10, "CVE": 1 }, "indicator_count": 8687, "is_author": false, "is_subscribing": null, "subscriber_count": 136, "modified_text": "145 days ago ", "is_modified": true, "groups": [], "in_group": false, "threat_hunter_scannable": true, "threat_hunter_has_agents": 1, "related_indicator_type": "URL", "related_indicator_is_active": 1 }, { "id": "6709aab28cf1d2be652ad223", "name": "Edmonton Police Services - edmontonpolice[.]ca - 10.16.25", "description": "https://www.virustotal.com/graph/embed/ga070fb8bbaee47c7a44b6fb7f2ee3f5c61939f5faeba4e19acde6413bdba6b14?theme=dark\n\nDomain Analysis", "modified": "2025-11-18T02:01:35.087000", "created": "2024-10-11T22:46:10.581000", "tags": [ "entity", "Edmonton", "Edmonton Police", "#YEG", "EPS", "Phishing", "SmokeLoader", "Exploit Source", "DGA", "UAlberta" ], "references": [ "https://www.virustotal.com/graph/embed/ga070fb8bbaee47c7a44b6fb7f2ee3f5c61939f5faeba4e19acde6413bdba6b14?theme=dark", "https://www.virustotal.com/gui/collection/649e51cc1ed2151973a50c0d90f5d032dc30ab66616e31e2f81586aa8a6536cc/iocs", "https://www.filescan.io/uploads/680935bc218c4a98adde2eb8/reports/7284eb6f-a9de-48e2-9c34-77e4192e32bf/overview", "https://www.hybrid-analysis.com/sample/d662eb398df37fa65b74da50473e646c88cd28a33a95f0fd98143659653d90c2/68093c46ad9c95b8e707afd6", "https://www.virustotal.com/gui/collection/649e51cc1ed2151973a50c0d90f5d032dc30ab66616e31e2f81586aa8a6536cc", "https://www.hybrid-analysis.com/sample/d662eb398df37fa65b74da50473e646c88cd28a33a95f0fd98143659653d90c2", "https://www.hybrid-analysis.com/sample/ee6070bdbddb747669c43acfe123d63f2e3ca75d3f3271fe8b73c921cefeb518/68222b11c71dd3f1e703fe55", "https://www.hybrid-analysis.com/sample/ee6070bdbddb747669c43acfe123d63f2e3ca75d3f3271fe8b73c921cefeb518 - Malicious 78/100", "https://www.filescan.io/uploads/68222b420b64e174c4236a93/reports/e2eaa5ad-b2cd-462f-a7cf-612b7a0b5cd0/ioc", "https://hybrid-analysis.com/sample/17fe4736a69ea84803fddbc6fbd4c2b49e41fb5273464a5abfbd1d44c2abb765", "Threat Zone", "https://urlquery.net/report/9b3044f8-be25-4414-b0b9-5072c0348b8d", "https://polyswarm.network/scan/results/url/fcf8bdbdd15e78186084d67e70fac06bbe3e8a98d0ee5c3351e32912fd921ac0", "https://intelx.io/?s=edmontonpolice.ca" ], "public": 1, "adversary": "", "targeted_countries": [ "Canada" ], "malware_families": [], "attack_ids": [], "industries": [ "Telecommunications", "Government" ], "TLP": "white", "cloned_from": null, "export_count": 34, "upvotes_count": 0, "downvotes_count": 0, "votes_count": 0, "locked": false, "pulse_source": "web", "validator_count": 0, "comment_count": 1, "follower_count": 0, "vote": 0, "author": { "username": "Disable_Duck", "id": "244325", "avatar_url": "/otxapi/users/avatar_image/media/avatars/user_244325/resized/80/avatar_3b9c358f36.png", "is_subscribed": false, "is_following": false }, "indicator_type_counts": { "domain": 604, "hostname": 1620, "FileHash-MD5": 256, "FileHash-SHA1": 250, "FileHash-SHA256": 2972, "URL": 1178, "email": 17, "SSLCertFingerprint": 19 }, "indicator_count": 6916, "is_author": false, "is_subscribing": null, "subscriber_count": 135, "modified_text": "194 days ago ", "is_modified": true, "groups": [], "in_group": false, "threat_hunter_scannable": true, "threat_hunter_has_agents": 1, "related_indicator_type": "URL", "related_indicator_is_active": 1 }, { "id": "684690d6dc730b0842d341a7", "name": "Exposing_Malware_in20Linux-Based_Multi-Cloud_Environments_R1Final.pdf", "description": "Falcon Sandbox: \nRansomware/Banking\nDetected indicator that file is ransomware\ndetails\n\"5 | Exposing Malware in Linux-Based Multi-Cloud Environments Ransomware and cryptominers Ransomware The impact of a ransomware attack can range from being a nuisance (e.g., having to restore data from backups and clean up the network) to being devastating (e.g., having to pay large sums of money to regain access to key assets). Unfortunately, when talking about cloud environments, the results tend to be more on the devastating side. Recently, cybercriminals have started calculating the damage they might cause to the valuation of a company going through a financial event to make the potential impact of their attack clear and incentivize ransom payments.5 At the same time, they\\x2122ve been honing their tactics with increasingly sophisticated techniques to target victim organizations\u2026more: https://www.hybrid-analysis.com/sample/92c1ca86f4d025e72acb94ae3cbdd3c6435aaa1b5e3fc3dcb06f8501b5dd3bb7/62e7fdd19a99ce4fa32e6d64", "modified": "2025-07-09T07:03:10.726000", "created": "2025-06-09T07:44:22.507000", "tags": [ "ipv4", "url http", "expiration", "url https", "eid1338769034", "united", "unknown ns", "present jun", "unknown cname", "name servers", "search", "servers", "showing", "ip address", "creation date", "date", "encrypt", "sha256", "submitted", "passive dns", "urls", "address", "xmpg", "malware", "span", "extgstate", "bbox", "subtypeform", "rlength", "resource", "rfit", "pattern match", "path", "code", "cobalt strike", "false", "cloud", "core", "footer", "meta", "black", "ransomware", "r980", "facebook", "discord", "stream", "form", "contact", "story", "february", "rats", "stack", "defense", "launcher", "trace", "august", "hellokitty", "twitter", "upgrade", "android", "decryptor", "green", "enterprise", "team", "small", "systemd", "service", "python", "shell", "reload", "find", "haiduc", "hybrid", "general", "suspicious", "click", "strings", "iframe", "loader", "tools", "template", "daily", "hypervisor", "capture", "stars", "download", "copy", "cobaltstrike", "install", "madcap", "protect", "shift", "beyond", "leverage", "agent", "info", "xmrig", "attack", "demonbot", "multi", "live", "grep", "pass", "ri falsek", "process", "xobject", "format", "june", "crypto", "close", "learn", "ck id", "name tactics", "informative", "adversaries", "command", "defense evasion", "apis", "found" ], "references": [], "public": 1, "adversary": "", "targeted_countries": [], "malware_families": [ { "id": "Cobalt Strike", "display_name": "Cobalt Strike", "target": null } ], "attack_ids": [ { "id": "T1016", "name": "System Network Configuration Discovery", "display_name": "T1016 - System Network Configuration Discovery" }, { "id": "T1027", "name": "Obfuscated Files or Information", "display_name": "T1027 - Obfuscated Files or Information" }, { "id": "T1082", "name": "System Information Discovery", "display_name": "T1082 - System Information Discovery" }, { "id": "T1083", "name": "File and Directory Discovery", "display_name": "T1083 - File and Directory Discovery" }, { "id": "T1129", "name": "Shared Modules", "display_name": "T1129 - Shared Modules" }, { "id": "T1140", "name": "Deobfuscate/Decode Files or Information", "display_name": "T1140 - Deobfuscate/Decode Files or Information" }, { "id": "T1496", "name": "Resource Hijacking", "display_name": "T1496 - Resource Hijacking" }, { "id": "T1497", "name": "Virtualization/Sandbox Evasion", "display_name": "T1497 - Virtualization/Sandbox Evasion" }, { "id": "T1055", "name": "Process Injection", "display_name": "T1055 - Process Injection" }, { "id": "T1090", "name": "Proxy", "display_name": "T1090 - Proxy" }, { "id": "T1114", "name": "Email Collection", "display_name": "T1114 - Email Collection" }, { "id": "T1560", "name": "Archive Collected Data", "display_name": "T1560 - Archive Collected Data" }, { "id": "T1566", "name": "Phishing", "display_name": "T1566 - Phishing" }, { "id": "T1573", "name": "Encrypted Channel", "display_name": "T1573 - Encrypted Channel" }, { "id": "T1003", "name": "OS Credential Dumping", "display_name": "T1003 - OS Credential Dumping" }, { "id": "T1036", "name": "Masquerading", "display_name": "T1036 - Masquerading" }, { "id": "T1057", "name": "Process Discovery", "display_name": "T1057 - Process Discovery" }, { "id": "T1071", "name": "Application Layer Protocol", "display_name": "T1071 - Application Layer Protocol" }, { "id": "T1105", "name": "Ingress Tool Transfer", "display_name": "T1105 - Ingress Tool Transfer" }, { "id": "T1480", "name": "Execution Guardrails", "display_name": "T1480 - Execution Guardrails" }, { "id": "T1489", "name": "Service Stop", "display_name": "T1489 - Service Stop" }, { "id": "T1491", "name": "Defacement", "display_name": "T1491 - Defacement" }, { "id": "T1530", "name": "Data from Cloud Storage Object", "display_name": "T1530 - Data from Cloud Storage Object" }, { "id": "T1590", "name": "Gather Victim Network Information", "display_name": "T1590 - Gather Victim Network Information" } ], "industries": [], "TLP": "green", "cloned_from": null, "export_count": 33, "upvotes_count": 0, "downvotes_count": 0, "votes_count": 0, "locked": false, "pulse_source": "web", "validator_count": 0, "comment_count": 0, "follower_count": 0, "vote": 0, "author": { "username": "Q.Vashti", "id": "337942", "avatar_url": "https://otx.alienvault.com/assets/images/default-avatar.png", "is_subscribed": false, "is_following": false }, "indicator_type_counts": { "FileHash-MD5": 39, "FileHash-SHA1": 48, "FileHash-SHA256": 67, "domain": 173, "hostname": 110, "URL": 429, "email": 10 }, "indicator_count": 876, "is_author": false, "is_subscribing": null, "subscriber_count": 143, "modified_text": "326 days ago ", "is_modified": true, "groups": [], "in_group": false, "threat_hunter_scannable": true, "threat_hunter_has_agents": 1, "related_indicator_type": "URL", "related_indicator_is_active": 1 }, { "id": "65c942169a345feccec332cd", "name": "Miscellaneous Attack - https://house.mo.gov/", "description": "Researchers at the University of Missouri in Missouri have published their results on a new web server called \"revisor.com\" (revisors.mo.gov) for the next three years..", "modified": "2024-03-12T21:02:15.675000", "created": "2024-02-11T21:54:30.139000", "tags": [ "threat analyzer", "threat", "paste", "iocs", "urls https", "showcctrue", "locationchamber", "viewmode3", "analyze", "hostname", "samples", "url https", "span", "pattern match", "script", "et tor", "known tor", "relayrouter", "exit", "node traffic", "misc attack", "input", "iframe", "body", "form", "error", "night", "bill", "february", "hybrid", "general", "local", "click", "strings", "footer", "no data", "tag count", "count blacklist", "tag tag", "heim", "a domains", "as393601 state", "united", "link", "object", "title", "statutes", "passive dns", "urls", "cname", "meta", "date", "encrypt", "aaaa", "as8987 amazon", "nxdomain", "whitelisted", "a nxdomain", "scan endpoints", "next", "all octoseek", "ipv4", "trojan", "verdana", "x content", "x xss", "sameorigin x", "pulse submit", "unknown", "meta name", "robots content", "x ua", "ieedge chrome1", "incapsula", "request", "as397241", "name servers", "center oak", "city sterling", "code us", "name security", "phone number", "postal code", "pulse pulses", "files", "representative rex", "threat report", "ip summary", "url summary", "summary", "sample", "detection list", "blacklist", "session", "session floor", "hearings", "sunday", "missouri", "filter view", "new recordings", "no filter", "session jcr", "hearing house", "live", "label", "core", "script urls", "r3 dv", "tls ca" ], "references": [], "public": 1, "adversary": "", "targeted_countries": [ "United States of America" ], "malware_families": [], "attack_ids": [ { "id": "T1059.007", "name": "JavaScript", "display_name": "T1059.007 - JavaScript" }, { "id": "T1105", "name": "Ingress Tool Transfer", "display_name": "T1105 - Ingress Tool Transfer" }, { "id": "T1071", "name": "Application Layer Protocol", "display_name": "T1071 - Application Layer Protocol" }, { "id": "T1071.004", "name": "DNS", "display_name": "T1071.004 - DNS" }, { "id": "T1210", "name": "Exploitation of Remote Services", "display_name": "T1210 - Exploitation of Remote Services" }, { "id": "T1449", "name": "Exploit SS7 to Redirect Phone Calls/SMS", "display_name": "T1449 - Exploit SS7 to Redirect Phone Calls/SMS" }, { "id": "T1031", "name": "Modify Existing Service", "display_name": "T1031 - Modify Existing Service" }, { "id": "T1129", "name": "Shared Modules", "display_name": "T1129 - Shared Modules" }, { "id": "T1057", "name": "Process Discovery", "display_name": "T1057 - Process Discovery" }, { "id": "T1059", "name": "Command and Scripting Interpreter", "display_name": "T1059 - Command and Scripting Interpreter" }, { "id": "T1027", "name": "Obfuscated Files or Information", "display_name": "T1027 - Obfuscated Files or Information" }, { "id": "T1071.001", "name": "Web Protocols", "display_name": "T1071.001 - Web Protocols" }, { "id": "T1140", "name": "Deobfuscate/Decode Files or Information", "display_name": "T1140 - Deobfuscate/Decode Files or Information" } ], "industries": [], "TLP": "white", "cloned_from": null, "export_count": 20, "upvotes_count": 0, "downvotes_count": 0, "votes_count": 0, "locked": false, "pulse_source": "web", "validator_count": 0, "comment_count": 0, "follower_count": 0, "vote": 0, "author": { "username": "OctoSeek", "id": "243548", "avatar_url": "/otxapi/users/avatar_image/media/avatars/user_243548/resized/80/avatar_3b9c358f36.png", "is_subscribed": false, "is_following": false }, "indicator_type_counts": { "FileHash-MD5": 130, "FileHash-SHA1": 81, "FileHash-SHA256": 263, "URL": 704, "domain": 368, "hostname": 467, "email": 1 }, "indicator_count": 2014, "is_author": false, "is_subscribing": null, "subscriber_count": 221, "modified_text": "809 days ago ", "is_modified": true, "groups": [], "in_group": false, "threat_hunter_scannable": true, "threat_hunter_has_agents": 1, "related_indicator_type": "URL", "related_indicator_is_active": 1 } ], "references": [ "", "T1110.001 (Brute Force: Password Guessing)", "his technique allows the GoBrut/StealthWorker agent to circumvent automated revocation checks, enabling its decentralized C2 infrastructure to recruit Linux hosts via high-velocity credential exhaustion.", "https://urlquery.net/report/54993e5a-9b3f-4eef-a219-6ed529b4ea66", "https://urlquery.net/report/9b3044f8-be25-4414-b0b9-5072c0348b8d", "https://hybrid-analysis.com/sample/17fe4736a69ea84803fddbc6fbd4c2b49e41fb5273464a5abfbd1d44c2abb765", "https://malpedia.caad.fkie.fraunhofer.de/details/win.tofsee", "https://www.virustotal.com/graph/embed/g69422d071856425cb7ef01a90232cae9aef9af2362ad45db8fc83caabe618606?theme=dark", "Researcher msudosos suggests the VirusTotal (Tencent HABO) behavior report may indicate a potential execution path from volatile storage at /tmp/EB93A6/996E.elf.", "https://intelx.io/?s=edmontonpolice.ca", "Msudosos Regional Notes: While historical pivots show Russian-hosted nodes, the current dual-origin telemetry\u2014dominated by 181 United States-based endpoints\u2014strongly suggests a domestic-aligned adversary leveraging global 'grey space' to obfuscate its operational core. This massive US-centric footprint (exceeding all other regions combined) reinforces the theory of a false-flag orchestration designed to divert attribution toward foreign infrastructure while abusing legitimate Western-hosted trust chains.", "The local environment exhibits advanced telemetry suppression within specialized skim memory regions, effectively neutralizing standard DMARC validation and Microsoft-integrated defensive protocols.", "https://www.hybrid-analysis.com/sample/d662eb398df37fa65b74da50473e646c88cd28a33a95f0fd98143659653d90c2/68093c46ad9c95b8e707afd6", "The domain prioritywirreles.com (registered via NAMECHEAP INC) shows a 4/93 detection ratio, confirming it is a live but \"low-noise\" C2 node used to avoid broad-spectrum blacklisting", "Researcher msudosos: This activity appears to facilitate a preliminary reconnaissance phase, possibly utilizing system commands to query /proc/cpuinfo and /proc/version for architectural profiling purposes.", "Persistent C2 Orchestration: This ELF:Agent-VW variant serves as a critical GoBrut node, utilizing XOR 0x20 obfuscation and ICMP/HTTP beaconing to maintain a persistent link across 1,834 domains and 797 unique IPs", "https://www.hybrid-analysis.com/sample/ee6070bdbddb747669c43acfe123d63f2e3ca75d3f3271fe8b73c921cefeb518 - Malicious 78/100", "https://www.virustotal.com/gui/collection/649e51cc1ed2151973a50c0d90f5d032dc30ab66616e31e2f81586aa8a6536cc", "https://www.filescan.io/uploads/680935bc218c4a98adde2eb8/reports/7284eb6f-a9de-48e2-9c34-77e4192e32bf/overview", "By maintaining a hollowed root posture, the sample facilitates persistent, low-signal synchronization with external cloud infrastructure while bypassing traditional heuristic trust-chain verification.", "https://www.filescan.io/uploads/6775f8d1108e6fdea94ba637/reports/ba88f2c2-96e9-4106-9b93-4f7fa7f1519a/overview", "https://www.virustotal.com/graph/embed/ga070fb8bbaee47c7a44b6fb7f2ee3f5c61939f5faeba4e19acde6413bdba6b14?theme=dark", "Pivot-Ready Indicators (IOCs) Go BuildID: nGYES3pajdOmKy1i6Ghh/KO9ydOtZpXtoKtB0KHE-/iisNoniHgTbj_cV6M-uk/XmMYzkBiZs8NXMRZYTiT Telfhash: t1f303a0b3055d54e8b7f08907c7af7624cef6e0f726d078f169e278d09a72c826626874 Imphash: 9698f46495ce9401c8bcaf9a2afe1598 Vhash: 1e53f1a1b59ecb93f821c74b25d81e9f", "The environment leverages prioritywirreles.com as a high-fidelity DGA-derived C2 node, utilizing its historical resolution to Russian-hosted IP space (194.61.24.231) to maintain persistent Stealthworker botnet synchronization.", "https://www.hybrid-analysis.com/sample/d662eb398df37fa65b74da50473e646c88cd28a33a95f0fd98143659653d90c2", "Threat Zone", "This ELF 32-bit LSB artifact is a sophisticated GoBrut/StealthWorker agent, compiled via Golang 1.10 and stripped to obfuscate its high-velocity service-bruting logic. VirusTotal confirms a critical threat profile with 44/65 security vendors flagging the file, which leverages a unique Go BuildID (nGYES3pajdOm...) and a Telfhash (t1f303a0...) for architectural fingerprinting. The binary orchestrates decentralized Command and Control (C2) through an expansive infrastructure of 797 unique IPs and 1,834 domains", "WHOIS data anchors administrative and technical operations for prioritywirreles.com in Los Angeles, CA (90064) via Namecheap infrastructure. Following its 2020 expiration, the domain has transitioned into redemptionPeriod/pendingDelete status, signaling the formal decommissioning of this C2 asset.", "LBresearcher: msudosos notes: By exploiting Root Certificate Validation Failures, the StealthWorker (GoBrut) agent ensures that its 32-bit ELF binaries bypass the automated reputation checks enforced by major cloud providers.", "Primary Hash (SHA256): cd3989830da99a69380901769fd78902efb3cd8ba5c9390e94bd4333b7fad186", "LBresearcher: msudosos notes: The campaign's use of T1110.001 (Password Guessing) is specifically tuned to exhaust credentials across SSH, MySQL, and CMS backends, effectively recruiting server infrastructure into a global \"zombie\" network.", "https://www.virustotal.com/gui/collection/malpedia_win_tofsee/summary", "https://www.hybrid-analysis.com/sample/ee6070bdbddb747669c43acfe123d63f2e3ca75d3f3271fe8b73c921cefeb518/68222b11c71dd3f1e703fe55", "By operating through WhoisGuard-protected infrastructure and exploiting XOR 0x20 obfuscation, the adversary effectively suppresses telemetry into skim space, successfully bypassing DMARC and Microsoft-integrated trust-chain validation.", "Researcher msudosos posits a strategic exploitation of Root Certificate Validation Failures, where the adversary leverages an expired trust chain to bypass heuristic security filters and establish persistence.", "https://www.hybrid-analysis.com/sample/32fee8f77b43f62e89c2156fd15a6fa350beff81429a6bc7984c0e54fe608f2a/67e0baae85aff10b880edd20", "Monitor DGA Shifts: Track new domains registered through NAMECHEAP INC using the current WhoisGuard patterns to identify the next cluster before it goes active. Analyze Telfhash Clusters: Use the Telfhash (t1f303a0...) to pivot and find if the adversary has updated to 64-bit ELF or ARM architectures. Harden DMARC: Ensure your environment moves from \"p=none\" to \"p=reject\" to mitigate the internal spoofing loops exploited by this botnet's telemetry suppression.", "https://www.virustotal.com/gui/collection/22cbfd4f1a868301f4f66c5914ab66d63695118f829e90ede0c8450876d4dd13", "LBresearcher: msudosos notes: The threat actor maintains operational longevity by rotating through WhoisGuard-protected nodes like prioritywirreles.com, which historically resolved to Russian-hosted IP space (194.61.24.231) to obfuscate its origin.", "The pivot from cd398983... to this domain confirms a multi-year campaign (2019\u20132023) utilizing Namecheap-registered infrastructure to orchestrate wide-scale T1110.001 brute-force operations while bypassing standard PKI expiration checks.", "https://www.virustotal.com/gui/collection/649e51cc1ed2151973a50c0d90f5d032dc30ab66616e31e2f81586aa8a6536cc/iocs", "https://www.virustotal.com/gui/collection/22cbfd4f1a868301f4f66c5914ab66d63695118f829e90ede0c8450876d4dd13/iocs", "https://polyswarm.network/scan/results/url/fcf8bdbdd15e78186084d67e70fac06bbe3e8a98d0ee5c3351e32912fd921ac0", "https://rcmp[.]ca/en/alberta", "https://www.hybrid-analysis.com/sample/32fee8f77b43f62e89c2156fd15a6fa350beff81429a6bc7984c0e54fe608f2a", "Obfuscation: XOR-based String Encryption (0x20)", "https://viz.greynoise.io/analysis/ade7d4f8-0bf7-4582-9a91-f7b26c0bb9f7", "https://www.filescan.io/uploads/68222b420b64e174c4236a93/reports/e2eaa5ad-b2cd-462f-a7cf-612b7a0b5cd0/ioc" ], "related": { "alienvault": { "adversary": [], "malware_families": [], "industries": [], "unique_indicators": 0 }, "other": { "adversary": [ "StealthWorker/GoBrut (The adversary demonstrates advanced telemetry suppression within specialized s" ], "malware_families": [ "Cobalt strike", "Md5 hash: f8add7e7161460ea2b1970cf4ca535bf", "Malware family: stealthworker / gobrut" ], "industries": [ "", "Education", "Healthcare", "Government", "Technology", "Telecommunications" ], "unique_indicators": 31144 } } }, "false_positive": [], "alexa": "http://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/w3.org", "whois": "http://whois.domaintools.com/w3.org", "domain": "w3.org", "hostname": "www.w3.org" }, "geo": {}, "geo_ipapicom": {}, "pulse_count": 8, "pulses": [ { "id": "6a0dad06d8bb37ada19229bc", "name": "Credit:Q.Vashti [Exposing_Malware_in20_Linnux] - clone >post today had related items", "description": "", "modified": "2026-05-20T12:45:58.360000", "created": "2026-05-20T12:45:58.360000", "tags": [ "ipv4", "url http", "expiration", "url https", "eid1338769034", "united", "unknown ns", "present jun", "unknown cname", "name servers", "search", "servers", "showing", "ip address", "creation date", "date", "encrypt", "sha256", "submitted", "passive dns", "urls", "address", "xmpg", "malware", "span", "extgstate", "bbox", "subtypeform", "rlength", "resource", "rfit", "pattern match", "path", "code", "cobalt strike", "false", "cloud", "core", "footer", "meta", "black", "ransomware", "r980", "facebook", "discord", "stream", "form", "contact", "story", "february", "rats", "stack", "defense", "launcher", "trace", "august", "hellokitty", "twitter", "upgrade", "android", "decryptor", "green", "enterprise", "team", "small", "systemd", "service", "python", "shell", "reload", "find", "haiduc", "hybrid", "general", "suspicious", "click", "strings", "iframe", "loader", "tools", "template", "daily", "hypervisor", "capture", "stars", "download", "copy", "cobaltstrike", "install", "madcap", "protect", "shift", "beyond", "leverage", "agent", "info", "xmrig", "attack", "demonbot", "multi", "live", "grep", "pass", "ri falsek", "process", "xobject", "format", "june", "crypto", "close", "learn", "ck id", "name tactics", "informative", "adversaries", "command", "defense evasion", "apis", "found" ], "references": [], "public": 1, "adversary": "", "targeted_countries": [], "malware_families": [ { "id": "Cobalt Strike", "display_name": "Cobalt Strike", "target": null } ], "attack_ids": [ { "id": "T1016", "name": "System Network Configuration Discovery", "display_name": "T1016 - System Network Configuration Discovery" }, { "id": "T1027", "name": "Obfuscated Files or Information", "display_name": "T1027 - Obfuscated Files or Information" }, { "id": "T1082", "name": "System Information Discovery", "display_name": "T1082 - System Information Discovery" }, { "id": "T1083", "name": "File and Directory Discovery", "display_name": "T1083 - File and Directory Discovery" }, { "id": "T1129", "name": "Shared Modules", "display_name": "T1129 - Shared Modules" }, { "id": "T1140", "name": "Deobfuscate/Decode Files or Information", "display_name": "T1140 - Deobfuscate/Decode Files or Information" }, { "id": "T1496", "name": "Resource Hijacking", "display_name": "T1496 - Resource Hijacking" }, { "id": "T1497", "name": "Virtualization/Sandbox Evasion", "display_name": "T1497 - Virtualization/Sandbox Evasion" }, { "id": "T1055", "name": "Process Injection", "display_name": "T1055 - Process Injection" }, { "id": "T1090", "name": "Proxy", "display_name": "T1090 - Proxy" }, { "id": "T1114", "name": "Email Collection", "display_name": "T1114 - Email Collection" }, { "id": "T1560", "name": "Archive Collected Data", "display_name": "T1560 - Archive Collected Data" }, { "id": "T1566", "name": "Phishing", "display_name": "T1566 - Phishing" }, { "id": "T1573", "name": "Encrypted Channel", "display_name": "T1573 - Encrypted Channel" }, { "id": "T1003", "name": "OS Credential Dumping", "display_name": "T1003 - OS Credential Dumping" }, { "id": "T1036", "name": "Masquerading", "display_name": "T1036 - Masquerading" }, { "id": "T1057", "name": "Process Discovery", "display_name": "T1057 - Process Discovery" }, { "id": "T1071", "name": "Application Layer Protocol", "display_name": "T1071 - Application Layer Protocol" }, { "id": "T1105", "name": "Ingress Tool Transfer", "display_name": "T1105 - Ingress Tool Transfer" }, { "id": "T1480", "name": "Execution Guardrails", "display_name": "T1480 - Execution Guardrails" }, { "id": "T1489", "name": "Service Stop", "display_name": "T1489 - Service Stop" }, { "id": "T1491", "name": "Defacement", "display_name": "T1491 - Defacement" }, { "id": "T1530", "name": "Data from Cloud Storage Object", "display_name": "T1530 - Data from Cloud Storage Object" }, { "id": "T1590", "name": "Gather Victim Network Information", "display_name": "T1590 - Gather Victim Network Information" } ], "industries": [], "TLP": "green", "cloned_from": "684690d6dc730b0842d341a7", "export_count": 0, "upvotes_count": 0, "downvotes_count": 0, "votes_count": 0, "locked": false, "pulse_source": "web", "validator_count": 0, "comment_count": 0, "follower_count": 0, "vote": 0, "author": { "username": "msudosos", "id": "381696", "avatar_url": "https://otx.alienvault.com/assets/images/default-avatar.png", "is_subscribed": false, "is_following": false }, "indicator_type_counts": { "FileHash-MD5": 39, "FileHash-SHA1": 48, "FileHash-SHA256": 67, "domain": 173, "hostname": 110, "URL": 429, "email": 10 }, "indicator_count": 876, "is_author": false, "is_subscribing": null, "subscriber_count": 66, "modified_text": "11 days ago ", "is_modified": false, "groups": [], "in_group": false, "threat_hunter_scannable": true, "threat_hunter_has_agents": 1, "related_indicator_type": "URL", "related_indicator_is_active": 1 }, { "id": "6a0dacb22ae45efab0266fc2", "name": "Credit:Q.Vashti [Exposing_Malware_in20_Linnux] - clone >post today had related items", "description": "", "modified": "2026-05-20T12:44:34.775000", "created": "2026-05-20T12:44:34.775000", "tags": [ "ipv4", "url http", "expiration", "url https", "eid1338769034", "united", "unknown ns", "present jun", "unknown cname", "name servers", "search", "servers", "showing", "ip address", "creation date", "date", "encrypt", "sha256", "submitted", "passive dns", "urls", "address", "xmpg", "malware", "span", "extgstate", "bbox", "subtypeform", "rlength", "resource", "rfit", "pattern match", "path", "code", "cobalt strike", "false", "cloud", "core", "footer", "meta", "black", "ransomware", "r980", "facebook", "discord", "stream", "form", "contact", "story", "february", "rats", "stack", "defense", "launcher", "trace", "august", "hellokitty", "twitter", "upgrade", "android", "decryptor", "green", "enterprise", "team", "small", "systemd", "service", "python", "shell", "reload", "find", "haiduc", "hybrid", "general", "suspicious", "click", "strings", "iframe", "loader", "tools", "template", "daily", "hypervisor", "capture", "stars", "download", "copy", "cobaltstrike", "install", "madcap", "protect", "shift", "beyond", "leverage", "agent", "info", "xmrig", "attack", "demonbot", "multi", "live", "grep", "pass", "ri falsek", "process", "xobject", "format", "june", "crypto", "close", "learn", "ck id", "name tactics", "informative", "adversaries", "command", "defense evasion", "apis", "found" ], "references": [], "public": 1, "adversary": "", "targeted_countries": [], "malware_families": [ { "id": "Cobalt Strike", "display_name": "Cobalt Strike", "target": null } ], "attack_ids": [ { "id": "T1016", "name": "System Network Configuration Discovery", "display_name": "T1016 - System Network Configuration Discovery" }, { "id": "T1027", "name": "Obfuscated Files or Information", "display_name": "T1027 - Obfuscated Files or Information" }, { "id": "T1082", "name": "System Information Discovery", "display_name": "T1082 - System Information Discovery" }, { "id": "T1083", "name": "File and Directory Discovery", "display_name": "T1083 - File and Directory Discovery" }, { "id": "T1129", "name": "Shared Modules", "display_name": "T1129 - Shared Modules" }, { "id": "T1140", "name": "Deobfuscate/Decode Files or Information", "display_name": "T1140 - Deobfuscate/Decode Files or Information" }, { "id": "T1496", "name": "Resource Hijacking", "display_name": "T1496 - Resource Hijacking" }, { "id": "T1497", "name": "Virtualization/Sandbox Evasion", "display_name": "T1497 - Virtualization/Sandbox Evasion" }, { "id": "T1055", "name": "Process Injection", "display_name": "T1055 - Process Injection" }, { "id": "T1090", "name": "Proxy", "display_name": "T1090 - Proxy" }, { "id": "T1114", "name": "Email Collection", "display_name": "T1114 - Email Collection" }, { "id": "T1560", "name": "Archive Collected Data", "display_name": "T1560 - Archive Collected Data" }, { "id": "T1566", "name": "Phishing", "display_name": "T1566 - Phishing" }, { "id": "T1573", "name": "Encrypted Channel", "display_name": "T1573 - Encrypted Channel" }, { "id": "T1003", "name": "OS Credential Dumping", "display_name": "T1003 - OS Credential Dumping" }, { "id": "T1036", "name": "Masquerading", "display_name": "T1036 - Masquerading" }, { "id": "T1057", "name": "Process Discovery", "display_name": "T1057 - Process Discovery" }, { "id": "T1071", "name": "Application Layer Protocol", "display_name": "T1071 - Application Layer Protocol" }, { "id": "T1105", "name": "Ingress Tool Transfer", "display_name": "T1105 - Ingress Tool Transfer" }, { "id": "T1480", "name": "Execution Guardrails", "display_name": "T1480 - Execution Guardrails" }, { "id": "T1489", "name": "Service Stop", "display_name": "T1489 - Service Stop" }, { "id": "T1491", "name": "Defacement", "display_name": "T1491 - Defacement" }, { "id": "T1530", "name": "Data from Cloud Storage Object", "display_name": "T1530 - Data from Cloud Storage Object" }, { "id": "T1590", "name": "Gather Victim Network Information", "display_name": "T1590 - Gather Victim Network Information" } ], "industries": [], "TLP": "green", "cloned_from": "684690d6dc730b0842d341a7", "export_count": 0, "upvotes_count": 0, "downvotes_count": 0, "votes_count": 0, "locked": false, "pulse_source": "web", "validator_count": 0, "comment_count": 0, "follower_count": 0, "vote": 0, "author": { "username": "msudosos", "id": "381696", "avatar_url": "https://otx.alienvault.com/assets/images/default-avatar.png", "is_subscribed": false, "is_following": false }, "indicator_type_counts": { "FileHash-MD5": 39, "FileHash-SHA1": 48, "FileHash-SHA256": 67, "domain": 173, "hostname": 110, "URL": 429, "email": 10 }, "indicator_count": 876, "is_author": false, "is_subscribing": null, "subscriber_count": 66, "modified_text": "11 days ago ", "is_modified": false, "groups": [], "in_group": false, "threat_hunter_scannable": true, "threat_hunter_has_agents": 1, "related_indicator_type": "URL", "related_indicator_is_active": 1 }, { "id": "6a0dacb2971f3103a0dddbcc", "name": "Credit:Q.Vashti [Exposing_Malware_in20_Linnux] - clone >post today had related items", "description": "", "modified": "2026-05-20T12:44:34.547000", "created": "2026-05-20T12:44:34.547000", "tags": [ "ipv4", "url http", "expiration", "url https", "eid1338769034", "united", "unknown ns", "present jun", "unknown cname", "name servers", "search", "servers", "showing", "ip address", "creation date", "date", "encrypt", "sha256", "submitted", "passive dns", "urls", "address", "xmpg", "malware", "span", "extgstate", "bbox", "subtypeform", "rlength", "resource", "rfit", "pattern match", "path", "code", "cobalt strike", "false", "cloud", "core", "footer", "meta", "black", "ransomware", "r980", "facebook", "discord", "stream", "form", "contact", "story", "february", "rats", "stack", "defense", "launcher", "trace", "august", "hellokitty", "twitter", "upgrade", "android", "decryptor", "green", "enterprise", "team", "small", "systemd", "service", "python", "shell", "reload", "find", "haiduc", "hybrid", "general", "suspicious", "click", "strings", "iframe", "loader", "tools", "template", "daily", "hypervisor", "capture", "stars", "download", "copy", "cobaltstrike", "install", "madcap", "protect", "shift", "beyond", "leverage", "agent", "info", "xmrig", "attack", "demonbot", "multi", "live", "grep", "pass", "ri falsek", "process", "xobject", "format", "june", "crypto", "close", "learn", "ck id", "name tactics", "informative", "adversaries", "command", "defense evasion", "apis", "found" ], "references": [], "public": 1, "adversary": "", "targeted_countries": [], "malware_families": [ { "id": "Cobalt Strike", "display_name": "Cobalt Strike", "target": null } ], "attack_ids": [ { "id": "T1016", "name": "System Network Configuration Discovery", "display_name": "T1016 - System Network Configuration Discovery" }, { "id": "T1027", "name": "Obfuscated Files or Information", "display_name": "T1027 - Obfuscated Files or Information" }, { "id": "T1082", "name": "System Information Discovery", "display_name": "T1082 - System Information Discovery" }, { "id": "T1083", "name": "File and Directory Discovery", "display_name": "T1083 - File and Directory Discovery" }, { "id": "T1129", "name": "Shared Modules", "display_name": "T1129 - Shared Modules" }, { "id": "T1140", "name": "Deobfuscate/Decode Files or Information", "display_name": "T1140 - Deobfuscate/Decode Files or Information" }, { "id": "T1496", "name": "Resource Hijacking", "display_name": "T1496 - Resource Hijacking" }, { "id": "T1497", "name": "Virtualization/Sandbox Evasion", "display_name": "T1497 - Virtualization/Sandbox Evasion" }, { "id": "T1055", "name": "Process Injection", "display_name": "T1055 - Process Injection" }, { "id": "T1090", "name": "Proxy", "display_name": "T1090 - Proxy" }, { "id": "T1114", "name": "Email Collection", "display_name": "T1114 - Email Collection" }, { "id": "T1560", "name": "Archive Collected Data", "display_name": "T1560 - Archive Collected Data" }, { "id": "T1566", "name": "Phishing", "display_name": "T1566 - Phishing" }, { "id": "T1573", "name": "Encrypted Channel", "display_name": "T1573 - Encrypted Channel" }, { "id": "T1003", "name": "OS Credential Dumping", "display_name": "T1003 - OS Credential Dumping" }, { "id": "T1036", "name": "Masquerading", "display_name": "T1036 - Masquerading" }, { "id": "T1057", "name": "Process Discovery", "display_name": "T1057 - Process Discovery" }, { "id": "T1071", "name": "Application Layer Protocol", "display_name": "T1071 - Application Layer Protocol" }, { "id": "T1105", "name": "Ingress Tool Transfer", "display_name": "T1105 - Ingress Tool Transfer" }, { "id": "T1480", "name": "Execution Guardrails", "display_name": "T1480 - Execution Guardrails" }, { "id": "T1489", "name": "Service Stop", "display_name": "T1489 - Service Stop" }, { "id": "T1491", "name": "Defacement", "display_name": "T1491 - Defacement" }, { "id": "T1530", "name": "Data from Cloud Storage Object", "display_name": "T1530 - Data from Cloud Storage Object" }, { "id": "T1590", "name": "Gather Victim Network Information", "display_name": "T1590 - Gather Victim Network Information" } ], "industries": [], "TLP": "green", "cloned_from": "684690d6dc730b0842d341a7", "export_count": 0, "upvotes_count": 0, "downvotes_count": 0, "votes_count": 0, "locked": false, "pulse_source": "web", "validator_count": 0, "comment_count": 0, "follower_count": 0, "vote": 0, "author": { "username": "msudosos", "id": "381696", "avatar_url": "https://otx.alienvault.com/assets/images/default-avatar.png", "is_subscribed": false, "is_following": false }, "indicator_type_counts": { "FileHash-MD5": 39, "FileHash-SHA1": 48, "FileHash-SHA256": 67, "domain": 173, "hostname": 110, "URL": 429, "email": 10 }, "indicator_count": 876, "is_author": false, "is_subscribing": null, "subscriber_count": 66, "modified_text": "11 days ago ", "is_modified": false, "groups": [], "in_group": false, "threat_hunter_scannable": true, "threat_hunter_has_agents": 1, "related_indicator_type": "URL", "related_indicator_is_active": 1 }, { "id": "6992bae83a5988dff8311490", "name": "Distributed Credential Exhaustion & C2 Orchestration via Golang-Based StealthWorker (ELF.Agent-VW)", "description": "Researcher credit: msudosos, level blue platform----\nThis artifact represents a high-integrity StealthWorker (GoBrut) botnet agent, architected as a statically linked, stripped 32-bit ELF binary to ensure cross-platform environmental independence. The sample utilizes XOR 0x20-encoded JavaScript payloads and String.fromCharCode obfuscation to mask its internal logic and bypass heuristic-based memory scanners. [User Notes] Its operational core is a multi-threaded service bruter targeting SSH, MySQL, and CMS backends, leveraging a massive infrastructure of 1,834 domains and 797 unique IPv4 endpoints for decentralized Command & Control (C2). Network telemetry confirms the use of ICMP and HTTP-based beaconing, indicating a sophisticated retry logic designed to maintain persistence across diverse network topologies. With a malicious file score of 10, this binary serves as a primary vector for large-scale credential harvesting and the subsequent integration of Linux infrastructure into global botnet clusters.", "modified": "2026-04-24T13:20:48.450000", "created": "2026-02-16T06:36:24.788000", "tags": [ "Obfuscation: XOR-based String Encryption (0x20)", "T1110.001 (Brute Force: Password Guessing)", "Primary Hash (SHA256): cd3989830da99a69380901769fd78902efb3cd8ba", "MD5 Hash: f8add7e7161460ea2b1970cf4ca535bf", "#PotentialUS-Origin_FalseFlag_Obfuscation" ], "references": [ "Primary Hash (SHA256): cd3989830da99a69380901769fd78902efb3cd8ba5c9390e94bd4333b7fad186", "Obfuscation: XOR-based String Encryption (0x20)", "T1110.001 (Brute Force: Password Guessing)", "This ELF 32-bit LSB artifact is a sophisticated GoBrut/StealthWorker agent, compiled via Golang 1.10 and stripped to obfuscate its high-velocity service-bruting logic. VirusTotal confirms a critical threat profile with 44/65 security vendors flagging the file, which leverages a unique Go BuildID (nGYES3pajdOm...) and a Telfhash (t1f303a0...) for architectural fingerprinting. The binary orchestrates decentralized Command and Control (C2) through an expansive infrastructure of 797 unique IPs and 1,834 domains", "Pivot-Ready Indicators (IOCs) Go BuildID: nGYES3pajdOmKy1i6Ghh/KO9ydOtZpXtoKtB0KHE-/iisNoniHgTbj_cV6M-uk/XmMYzkBiZs8NXMRZYTiT Telfhash: t1f303a0b3055d54e8b7f08907c7af7624cef6e0f726d078f169e278d09a72c826626874 Imphash: 9698f46495ce9401c8bcaf9a2afe1598 Vhash: 1e53f1a1b59ecb93f821c74b25d81e9f", "Researcher msudosos posits a strategic exploitation of Root Certificate Validation Failures, where the adversary leverages an expired trust chain to bypass heuristic security filters and establish persistence.", "his technique allows the GoBrut/StealthWorker agent to circumvent automated revocation checks, enabling its decentralized C2 infrastructure to recruit Linux hosts via high-velocity credential exhaustion.", "The local environment exhibits advanced telemetry suppression within specialized skim memory regions, effectively neutralizing standard DMARC validation and Microsoft-integrated defensive protocols.", "By maintaining a hollowed root posture, the sample facilitates persistent, low-signal synchronization with external cloud infrastructure while bypassing traditional heuristic trust-chain verification.", "The domain prioritywirreles.com (registered via NAMECHEAP INC) shows a 4/93 detection ratio, confirming it is a live but \"low-noise\" C2 node used to avoid broad-spectrum blacklisting", "", "The environment leverages prioritywirreles.com as a high-fidelity DGA-derived C2 node, utilizing its historical resolution to Russian-hosted IP space (194.61.24.231) to maintain persistent Stealthworker botnet synchronization.", "By operating through WhoisGuard-protected infrastructure and exploiting XOR 0x20 obfuscation, the adversary effectively suppresses telemetry into skim space, successfully bypassing DMARC and Microsoft-integrated trust-chain validation.", "The pivot from cd398983... to this domain confirms a multi-year campaign (2019\u20132023) utilizing Namecheap-registered infrastructure to orchestrate wide-scale T1110.001 brute-force operations while bypassing standard PKI expiration checks.", "LBresearcher: msudosos notes: The campaign's use of T1110.001 (Password Guessing) is specifically tuned to exhaust credentials across SSH, MySQL, and CMS backends, effectively recruiting server infrastructure into a global \"zombie\" network.", "LBresearcher: msudosos notes: The threat actor maintains operational longevity by rotating through WhoisGuard-protected nodes like prioritywirreles.com, which historically resolved to Russian-hosted IP space (194.61.24.231) to obfuscate its origin.", "LBresearcher: msudosos notes: By exploiting Root Certificate Validation Failures, the StealthWorker (GoBrut) agent ensures that its 32-bit ELF binaries bypass the automated reputation checks enforced by major cloud providers.", "Monitor DGA Shifts: Track new domains registered through NAMECHEAP INC using the current WhoisGuard patterns to identify the next cluster before it goes active. Analyze Telfhash Clusters: Use the Telfhash (t1f303a0...) to pivot and find if the adversary has updated to 64-bit ELF or ARM architectures. Harden DMARC: Ensure your environment moves from \"p=none\" to \"p=reject\" to mitigate the internal spoofing loops exploited by this botnet's telemetry suppression.", "Persistent C2 Orchestration: This ELF:Agent-VW variant serves as a critical GoBrut node, utilizing XOR 0x20 obfuscation and ICMP/HTTP beaconing to maintain a persistent link across 1,834 domains and 797 unique IPs", "Researcher msudosos: This activity appears to facilitate a preliminary reconnaissance phase, possibly utilizing system commands to query /proc/cpuinfo and /proc/version for architectural profiling purposes.", "Researcher msudosos suggests the VirusTotal (Tencent HABO) behavior report may indicate a potential execution path from volatile storage at /tmp/EB93A6/996E.elf.", "Msudosos Regional Notes: While historical pivots show Russian-hosted nodes, the current dual-origin telemetry\u2014dominated by 181 United States-based endpoints\u2014strongly suggests a domestic-aligned adversary leveraging global 'grey space' to obfuscate its operational core. This massive US-centric footprint (exceeding all other regions combined) reinforces the theory of a false-flag orchestration designed to divert attribution toward foreign infrastructure while abusing legitimate Western-hosted trust chains.", "WHOIS data anchors administrative and technical operations for prioritywirreles.com in Los Angeles, CA (90064) via Namecheap infrastructure. Following its 2020 expiration, the domain has transitioned into redemptionPeriod/pendingDelete status, signaling the formal decommissioning of this C2 asset." ], "public": 1, "adversary": "StealthWorker/GoBrut (The adversary demonstrates advanced telemetry suppression within specialized s", "targeted_countries": [], "malware_families": [ { "id": "Malware Family: StealthWorker / GoBrut", "display_name": "Malware Family: StealthWorker / GoBrut", "target": "/malware/Malware Family: StealthWorker / GoBrut" }, { "id": "MD5 Hash: f8add7e7161460ea2b1970cf4ca535bf", "display_name": "MD5 Hash: f8add7e7161460ea2b1970cf4ca535bf", "target": null } ], "attack_ids": [ { "id": "T1001", "name": "Data Obfuscation", "display_name": "T1001 - Data Obfuscation" } ], "industries": [], "TLP": "green", "cloned_from": null, "export_count": 5, "upvotes_count": 0, "downvotes_count": 0, "votes_count": 0, "locked": false, "pulse_source": "web", "validator_count": 0, "comment_count": 0, "follower_count": 0, "vote": 0, "author": { "username": "msudosos", "id": "381696", "avatar_url": "https://otx.alienvault.com/assets/images/default-avatar.png", "is_subscribed": false, "is_following": false }, "indicator_type_counts": { "FileHash-MD5": 2166, "FileHash-SHA1": 2067, "FileHash-SHA256": 3371, "domain": 13295, "URL": 6860, "email": 272, "hostname": 4705, "SSLCertFingerprint": 268, "CVE": 108, "CIDR": 6 }, "indicator_count": 33118, "is_author": false, "is_subscribing": null, "subscriber_count": 82, "modified_text": "37 days ago ", "is_modified": true, "groups": [], "in_group": false, "threat_hunter_scannable": true, "threat_hunter_has_agents": 1, "related_indicator_type": "URL", "related_indicator_is_active": 1 }, { "id": "6709ad372568d7810af2e480", "name": "https://rcmp[.]ca/en/alberta // rcmp[.]ca // rcmp-grc[.]gc[.]ca - 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Malicious 78/100", "https://www.filescan.io/uploads/68222b420b64e174c4236a93/reports/e2eaa5ad-b2cd-462f-a7cf-612b7a0b5cd0/ioc", "https://hybrid-analysis.com/sample/17fe4736a69ea84803fddbc6fbd4c2b49e41fb5273464a5abfbd1d44c2abb765", "Threat Zone", "https://urlquery.net/report/9b3044f8-be25-4414-b0b9-5072c0348b8d", "https://polyswarm.network/scan/results/url/fcf8bdbdd15e78186084d67e70fac06bbe3e8a98d0ee5c3351e32912fd921ac0", "https://intelx.io/?s=edmontonpolice.ca" ], "public": 1, "adversary": "", "targeted_countries": [ "Canada" ], "malware_families": [], "attack_ids": [], "industries": [ "Telecommunications", "Government" ], "TLP": "white", "cloned_from": null, "export_count": 34, "upvotes_count": 0, "downvotes_count": 0, "votes_count": 0, "locked": false, "pulse_source": "web", "validator_count": 0, "comment_count": 1, "follower_count": 0, "vote": 0, "author": { "username": "Disable_Duck", "id": "244325", "avatar_url": "/otxapi/users/avatar_image/media/avatars/user_244325/resized/80/avatar_3b9c358f36.png", "is_subscribed": false, "is_following": false }, "indicator_type_counts": { "domain": 604, "hostname": 1620, "FileHash-MD5": 256, "FileHash-SHA1": 250, "FileHash-SHA256": 2972, "URL": 1178, "email": 17, "SSLCertFingerprint": 19 }, "indicator_count": 6916, "is_author": false, "is_subscribing": null, "subscriber_count": 135, "modified_text": "194 days ago ", "is_modified": true, "groups": [], "in_group": false, "threat_hunter_scannable": true, "threat_hunter_has_agents": 1, "related_indicator_type": "URL", "related_indicator_is_active": 1 }, { "id": "684690d6dc730b0842d341a7", "name": "Exposing_Malware_in20Linux-Based_Multi-Cloud_Environments_R1Final.pdf", "description": "Falcon Sandbox: \nRansomware/Banking\nDetected indicator that file is ransomware\ndetails\n\"5 | Exposing Malware in Linux-Based Multi-Cloud Environments Ransomware and cryptominers Ransomware The impact of a ransomware attack can range from being a nuisance (e.g., having to restore data from backups and clean up the network) to being devastating (e.g., having to pay large sums of money to regain access to key assets). Unfortunately, when talking about cloud environments, the results tend to be more on the devastating side. Recently, cybercriminals have started calculating the damage they might cause to the valuation of a company going through a financial event to make the potential impact of their attack clear and incentivize ransom payments.5 At the same time, they\\x2122ve been honing their tactics with increasingly sophisticated techniques to target victim organizations\u2026more: https://www.hybrid-analysis.com/sample/92c1ca86f4d025e72acb94ae3cbdd3c6435aaa1b5e3fc3dcb06f8501b5dd3bb7/62e7fdd19a99ce4fa32e6d64", "modified": "2025-07-09T07:03:10.726000", "created": "2025-06-09T07:44:22.507000", "tags": [ "ipv4", "url http", "expiration", "url https", "eid1338769034", "united", "unknown ns", "present jun", "unknown cname", "name servers", "search", "servers", "showing", "ip address", "creation date", "date", "encrypt", "sha256", "submitted", "passive dns", "urls", "address", "xmpg", "malware", "span", "extgstate", "bbox", "subtypeform", "rlength", "resource", "rfit", "pattern match", "path", "code", "cobalt strike", "false", "cloud", "core", "footer", "meta", "black", "ransomware", "r980", "facebook", "discord", "stream", "form", "contact", "story", "february", "rats", "stack", "defense", "launcher", "trace", "august", "hellokitty", "twitter", "upgrade", "android", "decryptor", "green", "enterprise", "team", "small", "systemd", "service", "python", "shell", "reload", "find", "haiduc", "hybrid", "general", "suspicious", "click", "strings", "iframe", "loader", "tools", "template", "daily", "hypervisor", "capture", "stars", "download", "copy", "cobaltstrike", "install", "madcap", "protect", "shift", "beyond", "leverage", "agent", "info", "xmrig", "attack", "demonbot", "multi", "live", "grep", "pass", "ri falsek", "process", "xobject", "format", "june", "crypto", "close", "learn", "ck id", "name tactics", "informative", "adversaries", "command", "defense evasion", "apis", "found" ], "references": [], "public": 1, "adversary": "", "targeted_countries": [], "malware_families": [ { "id": "Cobalt Strike", "display_name": "Cobalt Strike", "target": null } ], "attack_ids": [ { "id": "T1016", "name": "System Network Configuration Discovery", "display_name": "T1016 - System Network Configuration Discovery" }, { "id": "T1027", "name": "Obfuscated Files or Information", "display_name": "T1027 - Obfuscated Files or Information" }, { "id": "T1082", "name": "System Information Discovery", "display_name": "T1082 - System Information Discovery" }, { "id": "T1083", "name": "File and Directory Discovery", "display_name": "T1083 - File and Directory Discovery" }, { "id": "T1129", "name": "Shared Modules", "display_name": "T1129 - Shared Modules" }, { "id": "T1140", "name": "Deobfuscate/Decode Files or Information", "display_name": "T1140 - Deobfuscate/Decode Files or Information" }, { "id": "T1496", "name": "Resource Hijacking", "display_name": "T1496 - Resource Hijacking" }, { "id": "T1497", "name": "Virtualization/Sandbox Evasion", "display_name": "T1497 - Virtualization/Sandbox Evasion" }, { "id": "T1055", "name": "Process Injection", "display_name": "T1055 - Process Injection" }, { "id": "T1090", "name": "Proxy", "display_name": "T1090 - Proxy" }, { "id": "T1114", "name": "Email Collection", "display_name": "T1114 - Email Collection" }, { "id": "T1560", "name": "Archive Collected Data", "display_name": "T1560 - Archive Collected Data" }, { "id": "T1566", "name": "Phishing", "display_name": "T1566 - Phishing" }, { "id": "T1573", "name": "Encrypted Channel", "display_name": "T1573 - Encrypted Channel" }, { "id": "T1003", "name": "OS Credential Dumping", "display_name": "T1003 - OS Credential Dumping" }, { "id": "T1036", "name": "Masquerading", "display_name": "T1036 - Masquerading" }, { "id": "T1057", "name": "Process Discovery", "display_name": "T1057 - Process Discovery" }, { "id": "T1071", "name": "Application Layer Protocol", "display_name": "T1071 - Application Layer Protocol" }, { "id": "T1105", "name": "Ingress Tool Transfer", "display_name": "T1105 - Ingress Tool Transfer" }, { "id": "T1480", "name": "Execution Guardrails", "display_name": "T1480 - Execution Guardrails" }, { "id": "T1489", "name": "Service Stop", "display_name": "T1489 - Service Stop" }, { "id": "T1491", "name": "Defacement", "display_name": "T1491 - Defacement" }, { "id": "T1530", "name": "Data from Cloud Storage Object", "display_name": "T1530 - Data from Cloud Storage Object" }, { "id": "T1590", "name": "Gather Victim Network Information", "display_name": "T1590 - Gather Victim Network Information" } ], "industries": [], "TLP": "green", "cloned_from": null, "export_count": 33, "upvotes_count": 0, "downvotes_count": 0, "votes_count": 0, "locked": false, "pulse_source": "web", "validator_count": 0, "comment_count": 0, "follower_count": 0, "vote": 0, "author": { "username": "Q.Vashti", "id": "337942", "avatar_url": "https://otx.alienvault.com/assets/images/default-avatar.png", "is_subscribed": false, "is_following": false }, "indicator_type_counts": { "FileHash-MD5": 39, "FileHash-SHA1": 48, "FileHash-SHA256": 67, "domain": 173, "hostname": 110, "URL": 429, "email": 10 }, "indicator_count": 876, "is_author": false, "is_subscribing": null, "subscriber_count": 143, "modified_text": "326 days ago ", "is_modified": true, "groups": [], "in_group": false, "threat_hunter_scannable": true, "threat_hunter_has_agents": 1, "related_indicator_type": "URL", "related_indicator_is_active": 1 }, { "id": "65c942169a345feccec332cd", "name": "Miscellaneous Attack - https://house.mo.gov/", "description": "Researchers at the University of Missouri in Missouri have published their results on a new web server called \"revisor.com\" (revisors.mo.gov) for the next three years..", "modified": "2024-03-12T21:02:15.675000", "created": "2024-02-11T21:54:30.139000", "tags": [ "threat analyzer", "threat", "paste", "iocs", "urls https", "showcctrue", "locationchamber", "viewmode3", "analyze", "hostname", "samples", "url https", "span", "pattern match", "script", "et tor", "known tor", "relayrouter", "exit", "node traffic", "misc attack", "input", "iframe", "body", "form", "error", "night", "bill", "february", "hybrid", "general", "local", "click", "strings", "footer", "no data", "tag count", "count blacklist", "tag tag", "heim", "a domains", "as393601 state", "united", "link", "object", "title", "statutes", "passive dns", "urls", "cname", "meta", "date", "encrypt", "aaaa", "as8987 amazon", "nxdomain", "whitelisted", "a nxdomain", "scan endpoints", "next", "all octoseek", "ipv4", "trojan", "verdana", "x content", "x xss", "sameorigin x", "pulse submit", "unknown", "meta name", "robots content", "x ua", "ieedge chrome1", "incapsula", "request", "as397241", "name servers", "center oak", "city sterling", "code us", "name security", "phone number", "postal code", "pulse pulses", "files", "representative rex", "threat report", "ip summary", "url summary", "summary", "sample", "detection list", "blacklist", "session", "session floor", "hearings", "sunday", "missouri", "filter view", "new recordings", "no filter", "session jcr", "hearing house", "live", "label", "core", "script urls", "r3 dv", "tls ca" ], "references": [], "public": 1, "adversary": "", "targeted_countries": [ "United States of America" ], "malware_families": [], "attack_ids": [ { "id": "T1059.007", "name": "JavaScript", "display_name": "T1059.007 - JavaScript" }, { "id": "T1105", "name": "Ingress Tool Transfer", "display_name": "T1105 - Ingress Tool Transfer" }, { "id": "T1071", "name": "Application Layer Protocol", "display_name": "T1071 - Application Layer Protocol" }, { "id": "T1071.004", "name": "DNS", "display_name": "T1071.004 - DNS" }, { "id": "T1210", "name": "Exploitation of Remote Services", "display_name": "T1210 - Exploitation of Remote Services" }, { "id": "T1449", "name": "Exploit SS7 to Redirect Phone Calls/SMS", "display_name": "T1449 - Exploit SS7 to Redirect Phone Calls/SMS" }, { "id": "T1031", "name": "Modify Existing Service", "display_name": "T1031 - Modify Existing Service" }, { "id": "T1129", "name": "Shared Modules", "display_name": "T1129 - Shared Modules" }, { "id": "T1057", "name": "Process Discovery", "display_name": "T1057 - Process Discovery" }, { "id": "T1059", "name": "Command and Scripting Interpreter", "display_name": "T1059 - Command and Scripting Interpreter" }, { "id": "T1027", "name": "Obfuscated Files or Information", "display_name": "T1027 - Obfuscated Files or Information" }, { "id": "T1071.001", "name": "Web Protocols", "display_name": "T1071.001 - Web Protocols" }, { "id": "T1140", "name": "Deobfuscate/Decode Files or Information", "display_name": "T1140 - Deobfuscate/Decode Files or Information" } ], "industries": [], "TLP": "white", "cloned_from": null, "export_count": 20, "upvotes_count": 0, "downvotes_count": 0, "votes_count": 0, "locked": false, "pulse_source": "web", "validator_count": 0, "comment_count": 0, "follower_count": 0, "vote": 0, "author": { "username": "OctoSeek", "id": "243548", "avatar_url": "/otxapi/users/avatar_image/media/avatars/user_243548/resized/80/avatar_3b9c358f36.png", "is_subscribed": false, "is_following": false }, "indicator_type_counts": { "FileHash-MD5": 130, "FileHash-SHA1": 81, "FileHash-SHA256": 263, "URL": 704, "domain": 368, "hostname": 467, "email": 1 }, "indicator_count": 2014, "is_author": false, "is_subscribing": null, "subscriber_count": 221, "modified_text": "809 days ago ", "is_modified": true, "groups": [], "in_group": false, "threat_hunter_scannable": true, "threat_hunter_has_agents": 1, "related_indicator_type": "URL", "related_indicator_is_active": 1 } ], "error": null, "vt": { "error": "VirusTotal rate limit reached. Try again shortly.", "indicator": "https://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml", "type": "URL" }, "abuseipdb": null, "urlhaus": { "indicator": "https://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml", "type": "URL", "found": false, "verdict": "clean", "error": null }, "from_cache": true, "_cached_at": 1780258898.9339838 }