{ "type": "Domain", "indicator": "msn-microsoft.org", "general": { "sections": [ "general", "geo", "url_list", "passive_dns", "malware", "whois", "http_scans" ], "whois": "http://whois.domaintools.com/msn-microsoft.org", "alexa": "http://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/msn-microsoft.org", "indicator": "msn-microsoft.org", "type": "domain", "type_title": "Domain", "validation": [], "base_indicator": { "id": 3947499024, "indicator": "msn-microsoft.org", "type": "domain", "title": "", "description": "", "content": "", "access_type": "public", "access_reason": "" }, "pulse_info": { "count": 21, "pulses": [ { "id": "68a5a89257ad374e405f6097", "name": "SOC files: an APT41 attack on government IT services in Africa", "description": "Kaspersky's MDR team detected a targeted attack by APT41 against government IT services in Africa. The attackers used Impacket tools, Cobalt Strike, and custom agents for lateral movement and data collection. They leveraged DLL sideloading techniques and publicly available tools like Mimikatz and RawCopy. The group established persistence through scheduled tasks and services, and exfiltrated data via a compromised SharePoint server. The attack showcased APT41's ability to adapt their tools to the target infrastructure and leverage internal services for command and control. The incident highlights the importance of comprehensive monitoring and proper privilege management in defending against sophisticated threats.", "modified": "2025-09-19T10:04:41.410000", "created": "2025-08-20T10:50:58.520000", "tags": [ "targeted attack", "africa", "checkout", "dll sideloading", "lateral movement", "sharepoint", "mimikatz", "pillager", "data exfiltration", "government", "cobalt strike" ], "references": [ "https://securelist.com/apt41-in-africa/116986" ], "public": 1, "adversary": "APT41", "targeted_countries": [ "Central African Republic", "South Africa" ], "malware_families": [ { "id": "Cobalt Strike - S0154", "display_name": "Cobalt Strike - S0154", "target": null }, { "id": "Pillager", "display_name": "Pillager", "target": null }, { "id": "Checkout", "display_name": "Checkout", "target": null }, { "id": "Mimikatz", "display_name": "Mimikatz", "target": null } ], "attack_ids": [], "industries": [ "Government" ], "TLP": "white", "cloned_from": null, "export_count": 41, "upvotes_count": 0, "downvotes_count": 0, "votes_count": 0, "locked": false, "pulse_source": "api", "validator_count": 0, "comment_count": 0, "follower_count": 0, "vote": 0, "author": { "username": "AlienVault", "id": "2", "avatar_url": "/otxapi/users/avatar_image/media/avatars/user_2/resized/80/avatar_dacfad0ca8.png", "is_subscribed": true, "is_following": false }, "indicator_type_counts": { "FileHash-MD5": 19, "FileHash-SHA1": 7, "FileHash-SHA256": 6, "URL": 3, "domain": 4, "hostname": 8 }, "indicator_count": 47, "is_author": false, "is_subscribing": null, "subscriber_count": 387181, "modified_text": "257 days ago ", "is_modified": true, "groups": [], "in_group": false, "threat_hunter_scannable": true, "threat_hunter_has_agents": 1, "related_indicator_type": "domain", "related_indicator_is_active": 1 }, { "id": "687e0dfc3d01c46d9a3c790b", "name": "SOC files: an APT41 attack on government IT services in Africa", "description": "Chinese cyberespionage group APT41 conducted a targeted attack against government IT services in Africa. The attackers used various tools including Impacket, Cobalt Strike, and custom malware for lateral movement, privilege escalation, and data exfiltration. They leveraged DLL sideloading techniques and a compromised SharePoint server as a command and control center. The attack involved credential harvesting, use of web shells, and custom stealers to collect sensitive data. Notable TTPs included using hardcoded internal service names and proxy servers in malware, and exploiting a captive SharePoint server for C2 communication. The incident highlights the importance of comprehensive infrastructure monitoring and proper access controls.", "modified": "2025-08-20T09:02:47.670000", "created": "2025-07-21T09:53:00.869000", "tags": [ "sharepoint", "cobalt strike", "checkout", "web shell", "dll sideloading", "pillager", "africa", "mimikatz", "targeted attack", "credential harvesting", "government", "data exfiltration" ], "references": [ "https://securelist.com/apt41-in-africa/116986/" ], "public": 1, "adversary": "APT41", "targeted_countries": [ "Central African Republic", "South Africa" ], "malware_families": [ { "id": "Cobalt Strike - S0154", "display_name": "Cobalt Strike - S0154", "target": null }, { "id": "Pillager", "display_name": "Pillager", "target": null }, { "id": "Checkout", "display_name": "Checkout", "target": null }, { "id": "Mimikatz", "display_name": "Mimikatz", "target": null } ], "attack_ids": [], "industries": [ "Government" ], "TLP": "white", "cloned_from": null, "export_count": 42, "upvotes_count": 0, "downvotes_count": 0, "votes_count": 0, "locked": false, "pulse_source": "api", "validator_count": 0, "comment_count": 0, "follower_count": 0, "vote": 0, "author": { "username": "AlienVault", "id": "2", "avatar_url": "/otxapi/users/avatar_image/media/avatars/user_2/resized/80/avatar_dacfad0ca8.png", "is_subscribed": true, "is_following": false }, "indicator_type_counts": { "FileHash-MD5": 20, "FileHash-SHA1": 3, "FileHash-SHA256": 2, "URL": 3, "domain": 4, "hostname": 8 }, "indicator_count": 40, "is_author": false, "is_subscribing": null, "subscriber_count": 387182, "modified_text": "287 days ago ", "is_modified": true, "groups": [], "in_group": false, "threat_hunter_scannable": true, "threat_hunter_has_agents": 1, "related_indicator_type": "domain", "related_indicator_is_active": 1 }, { "id": "66cc7e972b3ba59b8b7360c3", "name": "AppDomainManager Injection Technique Used to Execute Malware on Windows", "description": "Cybersecurity specialists have observed an escalation in attacks employing the AppDomainManager Injection technique, which exploits the .NET Framework's version redirection feature to manipulate legitimate EXE files and load malicious DLLs. These attacks commonly begin with a ZIP file containing a malicious MSC file that triggers the execution of embedded JavaScript code, ultimately leading to the execution of a legitimate Microsoft binary with a malicious configuration. This relatively obscure technique, previously rare in actual attacks, is now being utilized more frequently, potentially by nation-state-sponsored groups targeting government agencies, military organizations, and energy companies in Asia.", "modified": "2024-08-26T13:10:37.979000", "created": "2024-08-26T13:09:43.804000", "tags": [ "windows", "msc", "remote execution", "appdomainmanager", "javascript" ], "references": [], "public": 1, "adversary": "APT41", "targeted_countries": [ "Taiwan", "Philippines" ], "malware_families": [], "attack_ids": [ { "id": "T1195", "name": "Supply Chain Compromise", "display_name": "T1195 - Supply Chain Compromise" }, { "id": "T1036", "name": "Masquerading", "display_name": "T1036 - Masquerading" }, { "id": "T1059", "name": "Command and Scripting Interpreter", "display_name": "T1059 - Command and Scripting Interpreter" }, { "id": "T1204", "name": "User Execution", "display_name": "T1204 - User Execution" }, { "id": "T1574", "name": "Hijack Execution Flow", "display_name": "T1574 - Hijack Execution Flow" }, { "id": "T1027", "name": "Obfuscated Files or Information", "display_name": "T1027 - Obfuscated Files or Information" }, { "id": "T1203", "name": "Exploitation for Client Execution", "display_name": "T1203 - Exploitation for Client Execution" }, { "id": "T1189", "name": "Drive-by Compromise", "display_name": "T1189 - Drive-by Compromise" }, { "id": "T1105", "name": "Ingress Tool Transfer", "display_name": "T1105 - Ingress Tool Transfer" } ], "industries": [ "Government", "Energy", "Defense" ], "TLP": "white", "cloned_from": null, "export_count": 140, "upvotes_count": 0, "downvotes_count": 0, "votes_count": 0, "locked": false, "pulse_source": "api", "validator_count": 0, "comment_count": 0, "follower_count": 0, "vote": 0, "author": { "username": "AlienVault", "id": "2", "avatar_url": "/otxapi/users/avatar_image/media/avatars/user_2/resized/80/avatar_dacfad0ca8.png", "is_subscribed": true, "is_following": false }, 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"Hades", "Stellarparticle", "Mimikatz", "Cozybear", "Darkside", "Gootloader", "Shadow chaser", "Cyclops", "Win32.agent", "Ransomhub", "Trickbot", "Cobalt strike - s0154", "Bumblebee", "Doorme", "Microbackdoor", "Pcap", "Cobalt strike", "Handleref", "Beacon", "Avoslocker", "Shadowpad", "Pillager", "Frp", "Primary threat", "Plugx" ], "industries": [ "Transportation", "Media", "Financial", "Military", "Transport", "Government", "Academics", "Political", "Gas", "Industrial", "Pharmaceutical", "Telecommunications", "Technology", "Energy", "Defense", "Legal", "Banking", "Diplomatic", "Logistics", "Aerospace", "Manufacturing", "Aviation", "Foreign affairs" ] } } }, "false_positive": [] }, "geo": {}, "geo_ipapicom": {}, "pulse_count": 21, "pulses": [ { "id": "68a5a89257ad374e405f6097", "name": "SOC files: an APT41 attack on government IT services in Africa", "description": "Kaspersky's MDR team detected a targeted attack by APT41 against government IT services in Africa. The attackers used Impacket tools, Cobalt Strike, and custom agents for lateral movement and data collection. They leveraged DLL sideloading techniques and publicly available tools like Mimikatz and RawCopy. The group established persistence through scheduled tasks and services, and exfiltrated data via a compromised SharePoint server. The attack showcased APT41's ability to adapt their tools to the target infrastructure and leverage internal services for command and control. The incident highlights the importance of comprehensive monitoring and proper privilege management in defending against sophisticated threats.", "modified": "2025-09-19T10:04:41.410000", "created": "2025-08-20T10:50:58.520000", "tags": [ "targeted attack", "africa", "checkout", "dll sideloading", "lateral movement", "sharepoint", "mimikatz", "pillager", "data exfiltration", "government", "cobalt strike" ], "references": [ "https://securelist.com/apt41-in-africa/116986" ], "public": 1, "adversary": "APT41", "targeted_countries": [ "Central African Republic", "South Africa" ], "malware_families": [ { "id": "Cobalt Strike - S0154", "display_name": "Cobalt Strike - S0154", "target": null }, { "id": "Pillager", "display_name": "Pillager", "target": null }, { "id": "Checkout", "display_name": "Checkout", "target": null }, { "id": "Mimikatz", "display_name": "Mimikatz", "target": null } ], "attack_ids": [], "industries": [ "Government" ], "TLP": "white", "cloned_from": null, "export_count": 41, "upvotes_count": 0, "downvotes_count": 0, "votes_count": 0, "locked": false, "pulse_source": "api", "validator_count": 0, "comment_count": 0, "follower_count": 0, "vote": 0, "author": { "username": "AlienVault", "id": "2", "avatar_url": "/otxapi/users/avatar_image/media/avatars/user_2/resized/80/avatar_dacfad0ca8.png", "is_subscribed": true, "is_following": false }, "indicator_type_counts": { "FileHash-MD5": 19, "FileHash-SHA1": 7, "FileHash-SHA256": 6, "URL": 3, "domain": 4, "hostname": 8 }, "indicator_count": 47, "is_author": false, "is_subscribing": null, "subscriber_count": 387181, "modified_text": "257 days ago ", "is_modified": true, "groups": [], "in_group": false, "threat_hunter_scannable": true, "threat_hunter_has_agents": 1, "related_indicator_type": "domain", "related_indicator_is_active": 1 }, { "id": "687e0dfc3d01c46d9a3c790b", "name": "SOC files: an APT41 attack on government IT services in Africa", "description": "Chinese cyberespionage group APT41 conducted a targeted attack against government IT services in Africa. The attackers used various tools including Impacket, Cobalt Strike, and custom malware for lateral movement, privilege escalation, and data exfiltration. They leveraged DLL sideloading techniques and a compromised SharePoint server as a command and control center. The attack involved credential harvesting, use of web shells, and custom stealers to collect sensitive data. Notable TTPs included using hardcoded internal service names and proxy servers in malware, and exploiting a captive SharePoint server for C2 communication. The incident highlights the importance of comprehensive infrastructure monitoring and proper access controls.", "modified": "2025-08-20T09:02:47.670000", "created": "2025-07-21T09:53:00.869000", "tags": [ "sharepoint", "cobalt strike", "checkout", "web shell", "dll sideloading", "pillager", "africa", "mimikatz", "targeted attack", "credential harvesting", "government", "data exfiltration" ], "references": [ "https://securelist.com/apt41-in-africa/116986/" ], "public": 1, "adversary": "APT41", "targeted_countries": [ "Central African Republic", "South Africa" ], "malware_families": [ { "id": "Cobalt Strike - S0154", "display_name": "Cobalt Strike - S0154", "target": null }, { "id": "Pillager", "display_name": "Pillager", "target": null }, { "id": "Checkout", "display_name": "Checkout", "target": null }, { "id": "Mimikatz", "display_name": "Mimikatz", "target": null } ], "attack_ids": [], "industries": [ "Government" ], "TLP": "white", "cloned_from": null, "export_count": 42, "upvotes_count": 0, "downvotes_count": 0, "votes_count": 0, "locked": false, "pulse_source": "api", "validator_count": 0, "comment_count": 0, "follower_count": 0, "vote": 0, "author": { "username": "AlienVault", "id": "2", "avatar_url": "/otxapi/users/avatar_image/media/avatars/user_2/resized/80/avatar_dacfad0ca8.png", "is_subscribed": true, "is_following": false }, "indicator_type_counts": { "FileHash-MD5": 20, "FileHash-SHA1": 3, "FileHash-SHA256": 2, "URL": 3, "domain": 4, "hostname": 8 }, "indicator_count": 40, "is_author": false, "is_subscribing": null, "subscriber_count": 387182, "modified_text": "287 days ago ", "is_modified": true, "groups": [], "in_group": false, "threat_hunter_scannable": true, "threat_hunter_has_agents": 1, "related_indicator_type": "domain", "related_indicator_is_active": 1 }, { "id": "66cc7e972b3ba59b8b7360c3", "name": "AppDomainManager Injection Technique Used to Execute Malware on Windows", "description": "Cybersecurity specialists have observed an escalation in attacks employing the AppDomainManager Injection technique, which exploits the .NET Framework's version redirection feature to manipulate legitimate EXE files and load malicious DLLs. These attacks commonly begin with a ZIP file containing a malicious MSC file that triggers the execution of embedded JavaScript code, ultimately leading to the execution of a legitimate Microsoft binary with a malicious configuration. This relatively obscure technique, previously rare in actual attacks, is now being utilized more frequently, potentially by nation-state-sponsored groups targeting government agencies, military organizations, and energy companies in Asia.", "modified": "2024-08-26T13:10:37.979000", "created": "2024-08-26T13:09:43.804000", "tags": [ "windows", "msc", "remote execution", "appdomainmanager", "javascript" ], "references": [], "public": 1, "adversary": "APT41", "targeted_countries": [ "Taiwan", "Philippines" ], "malware_families": [], "attack_ids": [ { "id": "T1195", "name": "Supply Chain Compromise", "display_name": "T1195 - Supply Chain Compromise" }, { "id": "T1036", "name": "Masquerading", "display_name": "T1036 - Masquerading" }, { "id": "T1059", "name": "Command and Scripting Interpreter", "display_name": "T1059 - Command and Scripting Interpreter" }, { "id": "T1204", "name": "User Execution", "display_name": "T1204 - User Execution" }, { "id": "T1574", "name": "Hijack Execution Flow", "display_name": "T1574 - Hijack Execution Flow" }, { "id": "T1027", "name": "Obfuscated Files or Information", "display_name": "T1027 - Obfuscated Files or Information" }, { "id": "T1203", "name": "Exploitation for Client Execution", "display_name": "T1203 - Exploitation for Client Execution" }, { "id": "T1189", "name": "Drive-by Compromise", "display_name": "T1189 - Drive-by Compromise" }, { "id": "T1105", "name": "Ingress Tool Transfer", "display_name": "T1105 - Ingress Tool Transfer" } ], "industries": [ "Government", "Energy", "Defense" ], "TLP": "white", "cloned_from": null, "export_count": 140, "upvotes_count": 0, "downvotes_count": 0, "votes_count": 0, "locked": false, "pulse_source": "api", "validator_count": 0, "comment_count": 0, "follower_count": 0, "vote": 0, "author": { "username": "AlienVault", "id": "2", "avatar_url": "/otxapi/users/avatar_image/media/avatars/user_2/resized/80/avatar_dacfad0ca8.png", "is_subscribed": true, "is_following": false }, 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