{
  "type": "Domain",
  "indicator": "stashpatrick.io",
  "general": {
    "sections": [
      "general",
      "geo",
      "url_list",
      "passive_dns",
      "malware",
      "whois",
      "http_scans"
    ],
    "whois": "http://whois.domaintools.com/stashpatrick.io",
    "alexa": "http://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/stashpatrick.io",
    "indicator": "stashpatrick.io",
    "type": "domain",
    "type_title": "Domain",
    "validation": [],
    "base_indicator": {
      "id": 4122324598,
      "indicator": "stashpatrick.io",
      "type": "domain",
      "title": "",
      "description": "",
      "content": "",
      "access_type": "public",
      "access_reason": ""
    },
    "pulse_info": {
      "count": 4,
      "pulses": [
        {
          "id": "68a6166f6fc208e3c4192cc1",
          "name": "Behind the Curtain: How Lumma Affiliates Operate",
          "description": "This analysis reveals the complex operations of Lumma affiliates within a vast information-stealing ecosystem. Affiliates utilize various tools and services, including proxy networks, VPNs, anti-detect browsers, and crypting services. The investigation uncovered previously undocumented tools and showed that affiliates often run multiple schemes simultaneously, such as rental scams, while also using other infostealers like Vidar, Stealc, and Meduza Stealer. Lumma affiliates are deeply integrated into the cybercriminal ecosystem, leveraging underground forums for resources, marketplaces, and operational support. The analysis highlights the resilience of Lumma's infrastructure and the challenges in disrupting such decentralized cybercriminal networks.",
          "modified": "2025-09-19T18:03:08.015000",
          "created": "2025-08-20T18:39:43.148000",
          "tags": [
            "cybercrime",
            "vpn",
            "underground forums",
            "crypting",
            "infostealer",
            "affiliate",
            "lumma",
            "anti-detect browser",
            "craxsrat",
            "stealc",
            "meduza stealer",
            "vidar",
            "proxy"
          ],
          "references": [
            "https://www.recordedfuture.com/research/media_146663d7945a8f6dd5a6e50a5cdde5655e178e9a3.gif?width=1200&format=pjpg&optimize=medium",
            "https://www.recordedfuture.com/research/behind-the-curtain-how-lumma-affiliates-operate"
          ],
          "public": 1,
          "adversary": "Lumma",
          "targeted_countries": [],
          "malware_families": [
            {
              "id": "Lumma",
              "display_name": "Lumma",
              "target": null
            },
            {
              "id": "Meduza Stealer",
              "display_name": "Meduza Stealer",
              "target": null
            },
            {
              "id": "Vidar",
              "display_name": "Vidar",
              "target": null
            },
            {
              "id": "CraxsRAT",
              "display_name": "CraxsRAT",
              "target": null
            },
            {
              "id": "Stealc",
              "display_name": "Stealc",
              "target": null
            }
          ],
          "attack_ids": [],
          "industries": [],
          "TLP": "white",
          "cloned_from": null,
          "export_count": 55,
          "upvotes_count": 0,
          "downvotes_count": 0,
          "votes_count": 0,
          "locked": false,
          "pulse_source": "api",
          "validator_count": 0,
          "comment_count": 0,
          "follower_count": 0,
          "vote": 0,
          "author": {
            "username": "AlienVault",
            "id": "2",
            "avatar_url": "/otxapi/users/avatar_image/media/avatars/user_2/resized/80/avatar_dacfad0ca8.png",
            "is_subscribed": true,
            "is_following": false
          },
          "indicator_type_counts": {
            "FileHash-MD5": 1,
            "FileHash-SHA1": 1,
            "FileHash-SHA256": 1,
            "URL": 1,
            "domain": 17,
            "hostname": 1
          },
          "indicator_count": 22,
          "is_author": false,
          "is_subscribing": null,
          "subscriber_count": 386766,
          "modified_text": "255 days ago ",
          "is_modified": true,
          "groups": [],
          "in_group": false,
          "threat_hunter_scannable": true,
          "threat_hunter_has_agents": 1,
          "related_indicator_type": "domain",
          "related_indicator_is_active": 1
        },
        {
          "id": "68a6c566f37d78a9fabd2fe6",
          "name": "Behind the Curtain: How Lumma Affiliates Operate",
          "description": "",
          "modified": "2025-09-19T18:03:08.015000",
          "created": "2025-08-21T07:06:14.108000",
          "tags": [
            "cybercrime",
            "vpn",
            "underground forums",
            "crypting",
            "infostealer",
            "affiliate",
            "lumma",
            "anti-detect browser",
            "craxsrat",
            "stealc",
            "meduza stealer",
            "vidar",
            "proxy"
          ],
          "references": [
            "https://www.recordedfuture.com/research/media_146663d7945a8f6dd5a6e50a5cdde5655e178e9a3.gif?width=1200&format=pjpg&optimize=medium",
            "https://www.recordedfuture.com/research/behind-the-curtain-how-lumma-affiliates-operate"
          ],
          "public": 1,
          "adversary": "Lumma",
          "targeted_countries": [],
          "malware_families": [
            {
              "id": "Lumma",
              "display_name": "Lumma",
              "target": null
            },
            {
              "id": "Meduza Stealer",
              "display_name": "Meduza Stealer",
              "target": null
            },
            {
              "id": "Vidar",
              "display_name": "Vidar",
              "target": null
            },
            {
              "id": "CraxsRAT",
              "display_name": "CraxsRAT",
              "target": null
            },
            {
              "id": "Stealc",
              "display_name": "Stealc",
              "target": null
            }
          ],
          "attack_ids": [],
          "industries": [],
          "TLP": "white",
          "cloned_from": "68a6166f6fc208e3c4192cc1",
          "export_count": 25,
          "upvotes_count": 0,
          "downvotes_count": 0,
          "votes_count": 0,
          "locked": false,
          "pulse_source": "web",
          "validator_count": 0,
          "comment_count": 0,
          "follower_count": 0,
          "vote": 0,
          "author": {
            "username": "Tr1sa111",
            "id": "192483",
            "avatar_url": "https://otx.alienvault.com/assets/images/default-avatar.png",
            "is_subscribed": false,
            "is_following": false
          },
          "indicator_type_counts": {
            "FileHash-MD5": 1,
            "FileHash-SHA1": 1,
            "FileHash-SHA256": 1,
            "URL": 1,
            "domain": 17,
            "hostname": 1
          },
          "indicator_count": 22,
          "is_author": false,
          "is_subscribing": null,
          "subscriber_count": 277,
          "modified_text": "255 days ago ",
          "is_modified": true,
          "groups": [],
          "in_group": false,
          "threat_hunter_scannable": true,
          "threat_hunter_has_agents": 1,
          "related_indicator_type": "domain",
          "related_indicator_is_active": 1
        },
        {
          "id": "68abf057cb0f1886c9ad62a3",
          "name": "Behind the Curtain: How Lumma Affiliates Operate",
          "description": "",
          "modified": "2025-09-19T18:03:08.015000",
          "created": "2025-08-25T05:10:47.218000",
          "tags": [
            "cybercrime",
            "vpn",
            "underground forums",
            "crypting",
            "infostealer",
            "affiliate",
            "lumma",
            "anti-detect browser",
            "craxsrat",
            "stealc",
            "meduza stealer",
            "vidar",
            "proxy"
          ],
          "references": [
            "https://www.recordedfuture.com/research/media_146663d7945a8f6dd5a6e50a5cdde5655e178e9a3.gif?width=1200&format=pjpg&optimize=medium",
            "https://www.recordedfuture.com/research/behind-the-curtain-how-lumma-affiliates-operate"
          ],
          "public": 1,
          "adversary": "Lumma",
          "targeted_countries": [],
          "malware_families": [
            {
              "id": "Lumma",
              "display_name": "Lumma",
              "target": null
            },
            {
              "id": "Meduza Stealer",
              "display_name": "Meduza Stealer",
              "target": null
            },
            {
              "id": "Vidar",
              "display_name": "Vidar",
              "target": null
            },
            {
              "id": "CraxsRAT",
              "display_name": "CraxsRAT",
              "target": null
            },
            {
              "id": "Stealc",
              "display_name": "Stealc",
              "target": null
            }
          ],
          "attack_ids": [],
          "industries": [],
          "TLP": "white",
          "cloned_from": "68a6166f6fc208e3c4192cc1",
          "export_count": 24,
          "upvotes_count": 0,
          "downvotes_count": 0,
          "votes_count": 0,
          "locked": false,
          "pulse_source": "web",
          "validator_count": 0,
          "comment_count": 0,
          "follower_count": 0,
          "vote": 0,
          "author": {
            "username": "Tr1sa111",
            "id": "192483",
            "avatar_url": "https://otx.alienvault.com/assets/images/default-avatar.png",
            "is_subscribed": false,
            "is_following": false
          },
          "indicator_type_counts": {
            "FileHash-MD5": 1,
            "FileHash-SHA1": 1,
            "FileHash-SHA256": 1,
            "URL": 1,
            "domain": 17,
            "hostname": 1
          },
          "indicator_count": 22,
          "is_author": false,
          "is_subscribing": null,
          "subscriber_count": 277,
          "modified_text": "255 days ago ",
          "is_modified": true,
          "groups": [],
          "in_group": false,
          "threat_hunter_scannable": true,
          "threat_hunter_has_agents": 1,
          "related_indicator_type": "domain",
          "related_indicator_is_active": 1
        },
        {
          "id": "68ac2beb494a6e44c0ef38ba",
          "name": "IOC - Behind the Curtain: How Lumma Affiliates Operate",
          "description": "",
          "modified": "2025-09-19T18:03:08.015000",
          "created": "2025-08-25T09:24:59.455000",
          "tags": [
            "cybercrime",
            "vpn",
            "underground forums",
            "crypting",
            "infostealer",
            "affiliate",
            "lumma",
            "anti-detect browser",
            "craxsrat",
            "stealc",
            "meduza stealer",
            "vidar",
            "proxy"
          ],
          "references": [
            "https://www.recordedfuture.com/research/media_146663d7945a8f6dd5a6e50a5cdde5655e178e9a3.gif?width=1200&format=pjpg&optimize=medium",
            "https://www.recordedfuture.com/research/behind-the-curtain-how-lumma-affiliates-operate"
          ],
          "public": 1,
          "adversary": "Lumma",
          "targeted_countries": [],
          "malware_families": [
            {
              "id": "Lumma",
              "display_name": "Lumma",
              "target": null
            },
            {
              "id": "Meduza Stealer",
              "display_name": "Meduza Stealer",
              "target": null
            },
            {
              "id": "Vidar",
              "display_name": "Vidar",
              "target": null
            },
            {
              "id": "CraxsRAT",
              "display_name": "CraxsRAT",
              "target": null
            },
            {
              "id": "Stealc",
              "display_name": "Stealc",
              "target": null
            }
          ],
          "attack_ids": [],
          "industries": [],
          "TLP": "white",
          "cloned_from": "68a6166f6fc208e3c4192cc1",
          "export_count": 22,
          "upvotes_count": 0,
          "downvotes_count": 0,
          "votes_count": 0,
          "locked": false,
          "pulse_source": "web",
          "validator_count": 0,
          "comment_count": 0,
          "follower_count": 0,
          "vote": 0,
          "author": {
            "username": "celestre",
            "id": "295357",
            "avatar_url": "https://otx.alienvault.com/assets/images/default-avatar.png",
            "is_subscribed": false,
            "is_following": false
          },
          "indicator_type_counts": {
            "FileHash-MD5": 1,
            "FileHash-SHA1": 1,
            "FileHash-SHA256": 1,
            "URL": 1,
            "domain": 17,
            "hostname": 1
          },
          "indicator_count": 22,
          "is_author": false,
          "is_subscribing": null,
          "subscriber_count": 140,
          "modified_text": "255 days ago ",
          "is_modified": true,
          "groups": [],
          "in_group": false,
          "threat_hunter_scannable": true,
          "threat_hunter_has_agents": 1,
          "related_indicator_type": "domain",
          "related_indicator_is_active": 1
        }
      ],
      "references": [
        "https://www.recordedfuture.com/research/behind-the-curtain-how-lumma-affiliates-operate",
        "https://www.recordedfuture.com/research/media_146663d7945a8f6dd5a6e50a5cdde5655e178e9a3.gif?width=1200&format=pjpg&optimize=medium"
      ],
      "related": {
        "alienvault": {
          "adversary": [
            "Lumma"
          ],
          "malware_families": [
            "Vidar",
            "Meduza stealer",
            "Lumma",
            "Craxsrat",
            "Stealc"
          ],
          "industries": []
        },
        "other": {
          "adversary": [
            "Lumma"
          ],
          "malware_families": [
            "Vidar",
            "Meduza stealer",
            "Lumma",
            "Craxsrat",
            "Stealc"
          ],
          "industries": []
        }
      }
    },
    "false_positive": []
  },
  "geo": {},
  "geo_ipapicom": {},
  "pulse_count": 4,
  "pulses": [
    {
      "id": "68a6166f6fc208e3c4192cc1",
      "name": "Behind the Curtain: How Lumma Affiliates Operate",
      "description": "This analysis reveals the complex operations of Lumma affiliates within a vast information-stealing ecosystem. Affiliates utilize various tools and services, including proxy networks, VPNs, anti-detect browsers, and crypting services. The investigation uncovered previously undocumented tools and showed that affiliates often run multiple schemes simultaneously, such as rental scams, while also using other infostealers like Vidar, Stealc, and Meduza Stealer. Lumma affiliates are deeply integrated into the cybercriminal ecosystem, leveraging underground forums for resources, marketplaces, and operational support. The analysis highlights the resilience of Lumma's infrastructure and the challenges in disrupting such decentralized cybercriminal networks.",
      "modified": "2025-09-19T18:03:08.015000",
      "created": "2025-08-20T18:39:43.148000",
      "tags": [
        "cybercrime",
        "vpn",
        "underground forums",
        "crypting",
        "infostealer",
        "affiliate",
        "lumma",
        "anti-detect browser",
        "craxsrat",
        "stealc",
        "meduza stealer",
        "vidar",
        "proxy"
      ],
      "references": [
        "https://www.recordedfuture.com/research/media_146663d7945a8f6dd5a6e50a5cdde5655e178e9a3.gif?width=1200&format=pjpg&optimize=medium",
        "https://www.recordedfuture.com/research/behind-the-curtain-how-lumma-affiliates-operate"
      ],
      "public": 1,
      "adversary": "Lumma",
      "targeted_countries": [],
      "malware_families": [
        {
          "id": "Lumma",
          "display_name": "Lumma",
          "target": null
        },
        {
          "id": "Meduza Stealer",
          "display_name": "Meduza Stealer",
          "target": null
        },
        {
          "id": "Vidar",
          "display_name": "Vidar",
          "target": null
        },
        {
          "id": "CraxsRAT",
          "display_name": "CraxsRAT",
          "target": null
        },
        {
          "id": "Stealc",
          "display_name": "Stealc",
          "target": null
        }
      ],
      "attack_ids": [],
      "industries": [],
      "TLP": "white",
      "cloned_from": null,
      "export_count": 55,
      "upvotes_count": 0,
      "downvotes_count": 0,
      "votes_count": 0,
      "locked": false,
      "pulse_source": "api",
      "validator_count": 0,
      "comment_count": 0,
      "follower_count": 0,
      "vote": 0,
      "author": {
        "username": "AlienVault",
        "id": "2",
        "avatar_url": "/otxapi/users/avatar_image/media/avatars/user_2/resized/80/avatar_dacfad0ca8.png",
        "is_subscribed": true,
        "is_following": false
      },
      "indicator_type_counts": {
        "FileHash-MD5": 1,
        "FileHash-SHA1": 1,
        "FileHash-SHA256": 1,
        "URL": 1,
        "domain": 17,
        "hostname": 1
      },
      "indicator_count": 22,
      "is_author": false,
      "is_subscribing": null,
      "subscriber_count": 386766,
      "modified_text": "255 days ago ",
      "is_modified": true,
      "groups": [],
      "in_group": false,
      "threat_hunter_scannable": true,
      "threat_hunter_has_agents": 1,
      "related_indicator_type": "domain",
      "related_indicator_is_active": 1
    },
    {
      "id": "68a6c566f37d78a9fabd2fe6",
      "name": "Behind the Curtain: How Lumma Affiliates Operate",
      "description": "",
      "modified": "2025-09-19T18:03:08.015000",
      "created": "2025-08-21T07:06:14.108000",
      "tags": [
        "cybercrime",
        "vpn",
        "underground forums",
        "crypting",
        "infostealer",
        "affiliate",
        "lumma",
        "anti-detect browser",
        "craxsrat",
        "stealc",
        "meduza stealer",
        "vidar",
        "proxy"
      ],
      "references": [
        "https://www.recordedfuture.com/research/media_146663d7945a8f6dd5a6e50a5cdde5655e178e9a3.gif?width=1200&format=pjpg&optimize=medium",
        "https://www.recordedfuture.com/research/behind-the-curtain-how-lumma-affiliates-operate"
      ],
      "public": 1,
      "adversary": "Lumma",
      "targeted_countries": [],
      "malware_families": [
        {
          "id": "Lumma",
          "display_name": "Lumma",
          "target": null
        },
        {
          "id": "Meduza Stealer",
          "display_name": "Meduza Stealer",
          "target": null
        },
        {
          "id": "Vidar",
          "display_name": "Vidar",
          "target": null
        },
        {
          "id": "CraxsRAT",
          "display_name": "CraxsRAT",
          "target": null
        },
        {
          "id": "Stealc",
          "display_name": "Stealc",
          "target": null
        }
      ],
      "attack_ids": [],
      "industries": [],
      "TLP": "white",
      "cloned_from": "68a6166f6fc208e3c4192cc1",
      "export_count": 25,
      "upvotes_count": 0,
      "downvotes_count": 0,
      "votes_count": 0,
      "locked": false,
      "pulse_source": "web",
      "validator_count": 0,
      "comment_count": 0,
      "follower_count": 0,
      "vote": 0,
      "author": {
        "username": "Tr1sa111",
        "id": "192483",
        "avatar_url": "https://otx.alienvault.com/assets/images/default-avatar.png",
        "is_subscribed": false,
        "is_following": false
      },
      "indicator_type_counts": {
        "FileHash-MD5": 1,
        "FileHash-SHA1": 1,
        "FileHash-SHA256": 1,
        "URL": 1,
        "domain": 17,
        "hostname": 1
      },
      "indicator_count": 22,
      "is_author": false,
      "is_subscribing": null,
      "subscriber_count": 277,
      "modified_text": "255 days ago ",
      "is_modified": true,
      "groups": [],
      "in_group": false,
      "threat_hunter_scannable": true,
      "threat_hunter_has_agents": 1,
      "related_indicator_type": "domain",
      "related_indicator_is_active": 1
    },
    {
      "id": "68abf057cb0f1886c9ad62a3",
      "name": "Behind the Curtain: How Lumma Affiliates Operate",
      "description": "",
      "modified": "2025-09-19T18:03:08.015000",
      "created": "2025-08-25T05:10:47.218000",
      "tags": [
        "cybercrime",
        "vpn",
        "underground forums",
        "crypting",
        "infostealer",
        "affiliate",
        "lumma",
        "anti-detect browser",
        "craxsrat",
        "stealc",
        "meduza stealer",
        "vidar",
        "proxy"
      ],
      "references": [
        "https://www.recordedfuture.com/research/media_146663d7945a8f6dd5a6e50a5cdde5655e178e9a3.gif?width=1200&format=pjpg&optimize=medium",
        "https://www.recordedfuture.com/research/behind-the-curtain-how-lumma-affiliates-operate"
      ],
      "public": 1,
      "adversary": "Lumma",
      "targeted_countries": [],
      "malware_families": [
        {
          "id": "Lumma",
          "display_name": "Lumma",
          "target": null
        },
        {
          "id": "Meduza Stealer",
          "display_name": "Meduza Stealer",
          "target": null
        },
        {
          "id": "Vidar",
          "display_name": "Vidar",
          "target": null
        },
        {
          "id": "CraxsRAT",
          "display_name": "CraxsRAT",
          "target": null
        },
        {
          "id": "Stealc",
          "display_name": "Stealc",
          "target": null
        }
      ],
      "attack_ids": [],
      "industries": [],
      "TLP": "white",
      "cloned_from": "68a6166f6fc208e3c4192cc1",
      "export_count": 24,
      "upvotes_count": 0,
      "downvotes_count": 0,
      "votes_count": 0,
      "locked": false,
      "pulse_source": "web",
      "validator_count": 0,
      "comment_count": 0,
      "follower_count": 0,
      "vote": 0,
      "author": {
        "username": "Tr1sa111",
        "id": "192483",
        "avatar_url": "https://otx.alienvault.com/assets/images/default-avatar.png",
        "is_subscribed": false,
        "is_following": false
      },
      "indicator_type_counts": {
        "FileHash-MD5": 1,
        "FileHash-SHA1": 1,
        "FileHash-SHA256": 1,
        "URL": 1,
        "domain": 17,
        "hostname": 1
      },
      "indicator_count": 22,
      "is_author": false,
      "is_subscribing": null,
      "subscriber_count": 277,
      "modified_text": "255 days ago ",
      "is_modified": true,
      "groups": [],
      "in_group": false,
      "threat_hunter_scannable": true,
      "threat_hunter_has_agents": 1,
      "related_indicator_type": "domain",
      "related_indicator_is_active": 1
    },
    {
      "id": "68ac2beb494a6e44c0ef38ba",
      "name": "IOC - Behind the Curtain: How Lumma Affiliates Operate",
      "description": "",
      "modified": "2025-09-19T18:03:08.015000",
      "created": "2025-08-25T09:24:59.455000",
      "tags": [
        "cybercrime",
        "vpn",
        "underground forums",
        "crypting",
        "infostealer",
        "affiliate",
        "lumma",
        "anti-detect browser",
        "craxsrat",
        "stealc",
        "meduza stealer",
        "vidar",
        "proxy"
      ],
      "references": [
        "https://www.recordedfuture.com/research/media_146663d7945a8f6dd5a6e50a5cdde5655e178e9a3.gif?width=1200&format=pjpg&optimize=medium",
        "https://www.recordedfuture.com/research/behind-the-curtain-how-lumma-affiliates-operate"
      ],
      "public": 1,
      "adversary": "Lumma",
      "targeted_countries": [],
      "malware_families": [
        {
          "id": "Lumma",
          "display_name": "Lumma",
          "target": null
        },
        {
          "id": "Meduza Stealer",
          "display_name": "Meduza Stealer",
          "target": null
        },
        {
          "id": "Vidar",
          "display_name": "Vidar",
          "target": null
        },
        {
          "id": "CraxsRAT",
          "display_name": "CraxsRAT",
          "target": null
        },
        {
          "id": "Stealc",
          "display_name": "Stealc",
          "target": null
        }
      ],
      "attack_ids": [],
      "industries": [],
      "TLP": "white",
      "cloned_from": "68a6166f6fc208e3c4192cc1",
      "export_count": 22,
      "upvotes_count": 0,
      "downvotes_count": 0,
      "votes_count": 0,
      "locked": false,
      "pulse_source": "web",
      "validator_count": 0,
      "comment_count": 0,
      "follower_count": 0,
      "vote": 0,
      "author": {
        "username": "celestre",
        "id": "295357",
        "avatar_url": "https://otx.alienvault.com/assets/images/default-avatar.png",
        "is_subscribed": false,
        "is_following": false
      },
      "indicator_type_counts": {
        "FileHash-MD5": 1,
        "FileHash-SHA1": 1,
        "FileHash-SHA256": 1,
        "URL": 1,
        "domain": 17,
        "hostname": 1
      },
      "indicator_count": 22,
      "is_author": false,
      "is_subscribing": null,
      "subscriber_count": 140,
      "modified_text": "255 days ago ",
      "is_modified": true,
      "groups": [],
      "in_group": false,
      "threat_hunter_scannable": true,
      "threat_hunter_has_agents": 1,
      "related_indicator_type": "domain",
      "related_indicator_is_active": 1
    }
  ],
  "error": null,
  "vt": {
    "error": "VirusTotal rate limit reached. Try again shortly.",
    "indicator": "stashpatrick.io",
    "type": "Domain"
  },
  "abuseipdb": null,
  "urlhaus": {
    "indicator": "stashpatrick.io",
    "found": false,
    "verdict": "clean",
    "urls": [],
    "error": null
  },
  "from_cache": true,
  "_cached_at": 1780355196.6006453
}