A major cybercrime syndicate, known as Bigpanzi, is targeting Android set-top boxes and other devices with malicious software, as well as operating platforms such as Windows, Android and Windows. This botnet, which at its peak, Qianxin noted approximately 170,000 daily active bots, predominantly in Brazil has been mainly used for DDoS attacks. Additionally, the threat actors have used it to misuse controlled Android TVs, for example in a network attack on set-top boxes in the UAE on December 11, 2023, where regular broadcasts were substituted with footage of the Israel-Palestine conflict.